2020湖南普通专升本：大学英语语法之分词作定语

不及物动词的现在分词作定语表达强调动作正在进行，过去分词强调完成；及物动词的现在分词作定语强调主动，过去分词强调被动。分词的完成式一般不作定语。分词作其他成分时，也是如此。分词作定语，单个的分词作定语一般前置；分词词组，个别分词如given,left等，修饰不定代词等的分词，作定语需后置。例如：
大学英语语法之分词作定语
We can see the rising sun.我们可以看到东升的旭日
He is a retired worker.他是位退休的工人
There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里
This is the question given.这是所给的问题
There is nothing interesting.没有有趣的东西
分词作定语相当于定语从句，如
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
=Most of the people who wereinvited to the party were famous scientists.
专升本语法
典型例题
1）The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language in the 16th
A.have written B.to be written C.being written D.written
答案D.书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句which was written
2）What's the language ____ in Germany?
A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak
答案B.主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。spoken，在句中作定语，修饰主语language,spoken与language有被动关系。
该句可以理解为：What's the language（which is）spoken in German?