2020湖南普通专升本：大学英语语法之分词作表语

表示主语的状态等。例如：
She looked tired with cooking.她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。
He remained standing beside the table.他依然站在桌旁。
大学英语语法之分词作表语
分词作插入语
分词作插入语的结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
例如：generally speaking一般说来、talking of（speaking of）说道、strictly speaking严格的
例如：Judging from his face,he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking,dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。（speaking不是dogs的动作）
分词的时态
1）一般式表示与主语动词同时发生。例如：
Hearing the news,he jumped with joy.听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。
Arriving there,they found the boy dead.一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。
典型例题
The secretary worked late into the night,___a long speech for the president.
A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing
答案B.此处没有连词，不能选D，否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。只能在B，C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。
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2）完成时表示先于主语动词发生。例如：
While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg.在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having done。
Having finished his homework,he went out.做完作业后，他出去了。
=As he had finished his homework,he went out.
典型例题
___ a reply,he decided to write again.
A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received
答案C.本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，分词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not+分词，故选C。