2020湖南专升本网与你分享：英语基础语法之动词！

时态
1)现在完成进行时态(have/has been+-ing分词构成):动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.
I’ve been sitting in the garden.
2)过去完成进行时(由had been+ing分词构成):过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作
I’d been working for some time when he called.
We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
湖南专升本网与你分享：英语基础语法之动词！
3)将来完成进行时:将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.
By next summer,he will have been working here for twenty years.
In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.
4)将来完成时(由shall/will have+过去分词构成):将来某时已发生的事.
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
语态
可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:
He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
担当be supposed to与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:
Why are you driving so fast in this area?You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit.(你应该晓得速度限制)
双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态
双宾语结构的被动语态:双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.
He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
宾补结构的被动语态:
She was called Big Sister by everybody.
Then he was made a squad leader.
He was considered quite qualified for the job.
The room was always kept clean and tidy.
短语动词
Vi+adv
The plane took off two hours late.
Vi+prep
They looked round the Cathedral.
Vi+prep(有被动语态)
She’s looking after her sister’s children.
The children were always well looked after.
Vi+adv+prep
I began to look forward to their visits.
Vt+O+adv
Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.
The children were brought up by their mother.
They took him on.
Vt+adv+O(无被动语态)
I am trying to give up smoking.
Vt+O+prep
We talked Donald into agreement.