2021湖南专升本考试英语语法知识it用法详解
英语单选题经常会出现考察it语法的现象,尤其是强调句型。因此,对于it语法的复习也是至关重要的。因为只有掌握it语法,再遇见这样的题时才能够真正解决。
(一)it作句子的真正主语
1.it指前面已经提到过的人或事物,有时指心目中的或成为问题的人或事物,作真正主语。
例如:
What’s this?-It is a sheep?这是什么?-这是一只绵羊。
Who is it?-It’s me(I).谁?是我。
It’s the wind shaking the window.是风刮得窗户响。
2.it指时间、季节。一般用在无人称动词的主语。
例如:
What time is it?-It’s nine.几点了?九点了。
It’s time for the meeting.Let’s go.开会的时间到了,我们走吧。
What day is today?-It’s Saturday.今天星期几?今天星期六。
What’s the date today?-It is October 1st.今天是几号??今天是十月一日。
What season is it?-It is summer.现在是什么季节?是夏季。
3.it指气候。一般作无人称动词的主语。
例如:
Is it cold in this room?-No,it isn’t.屋里冷吗?不冷。
What’s the weather like today?-It is fine.今天天气怎么样?是晴天。
It often rains in summer and it often snows in winter in this city.这个城市夏天经常下雨,冬天经常下雪。
4.it指距离、情况等。一般用作无人称动词的主语。
例如:
It is five kilometers from my home to the school.从我家到学校有五公里。
It is very near from this factory to that one.从这个工厂到那个工厂非常近。
It is a long way to the sea.离海很远。
Is it well with you?你身体好吗?
(二)it作形式主语
动词不定式、动名词短语起、从句在句子中起主语作用,而这一部分用词较多时,可以用it作为形式主语,放在句首代表其后所说的事实上的、真正的主语,而把真正的主语放在后面。
1.It+谓语+动词不定式。It作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语。
例如:
It is difficult to climb a mountain.爬山是很艰难的。
It’s a good habit to do morning exercises.作早操是个好习惯。
It’s important to do proper memory work in the study of a foreign language.在学习外语时适当地做一些有助于记忆的练习是很重要的。
It is right to do so.这样做是对的。
2.It+谓语+动名词短语。It作形式主语,动名词短语作真正的主语。
例如:
It is dangerous playing with fire.玩火是危险的。
It is no use learning without thinking.学而不思则罔。
It’s useless arguing with a silly boy.和笨孩子争论是没有用的。
3.It+谓语+名词性从句。It作形式主语,以that引导的名词性从句是真正的主语。
例如:
It is a pity that you didn’t see such a good film.你没看这么好的电影,真可惜。
It is certain that we shall succeed.我们一定会成功。
It is strange that nobody knows where he lives.真奇怪,谁也不知道他住在哪里。
It is strange that…后面可用虚拟语气。
如:It is strange that he should have made such a mistake.他居然犯了这样一个错误,真奇怪。
It is strange that nobody should know where he lives.居然没有人知道他住在哪里,真奇怪。)
It is said that the plane will take off at ten tomorrow morning.
据说飞机明天上午十点起飞。
(三)it作形式宾语
it作形式宾语,代表其后所说的真正的宾语。真正的宾语是以that引导的名词性从句或不定式短语。例如:
I consider it wrong that you Chinese students learn English without comparing it with your own language.我认为你们中国学生学习英语,不和你们自己的语言比较是不对的。
I find it not so difficult to learn a foreign language.我发现学习一门外语不那么困难。
I remember I made it clear to you that I was not coming.我记得向你明确表示过我不来。
They want to make it clear to the public that they are doing an important and necessary job.他们要向公众表明,他们在做一件重要而又必要的工作。
(四)it用于强调结构
在表示强调的结构中,it可用作先行代词,这种结构的句型如下:It+is/was+被强调的部分+that+其他部分。如果强调的部分是人,可用who,whom代替that.
例如:
Professor Wang teaches us English every Monday afternoon.王教授每星期一下午教我们英语。
强调主语:It is Professor Wang who teaches us English every Monday afternoon.
强调间接宾语:It is us whom Prof.Wang teaches English every Monday afternoon.
强调直接宾语:It is English that Prof.Wang teaches us every Monday afternoon.
强调状语:It is every Monday afternoon that Prof.Wang teaches us English.
It was here that I first met him.这就是我初次与他见面的地方。
(一)it作句子的真正主语
1.it指前面已经提到过的人或事物,有时指心目中的或成为问题的人或事物,作真正主语。
例如:
What’s this?-It is a sheep?这是什么?-这是一只绵羊。
Who is it?-It’s me(I).谁?是我。
It’s the wind shaking the window.是风刮得窗户响。
2.it指时间、季节。一般用在无人称动词的主语。
例如:
What time is it?-It’s nine.几点了?九点了。
It’s time for the meeting.Let’s go.开会的时间到了,我们走吧。
What day is today?-It’s Saturday.今天星期几?今天星期六。
What’s the date today?-It is October 1st.今天是几号??今天是十月一日。
What season is it?-It is summer.现在是什么季节?是夏季。
3.it指气候。一般作无人称动词的主语。
例如:
Is it cold in this room?-No,it isn’t.屋里冷吗?不冷。
What’s the weather like today?-It is fine.今天天气怎么样?是晴天。
It often rains in summer and it often snows in winter in this city.这个城市夏天经常下雨,冬天经常下雪。
4.it指距离、情况等。一般用作无人称动词的主语。
例如:
It is five kilometers from my home to the school.从我家到学校有五公里。
It is very near from this factory to that one.从这个工厂到那个工厂非常近。
It is a long way to the sea.离海很远。
Is it well with you?你身体好吗?
(二)it作形式主语
动词不定式、动名词短语起、从句在句子中起主语作用,而这一部分用词较多时,可以用it作为形式主语,放在句首代表其后所说的事实上的、真正的主语,而把真正的主语放在后面。
1.It+谓语+动词不定式。It作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语。
例如:
It is difficult to climb a mountain.爬山是很艰难的。
It’s a good habit to do morning exercises.作早操是个好习惯。
It’s important to do proper memory work in the study of a foreign language.在学习外语时适当地做一些有助于记忆的练习是很重要的。
It is right to do so.这样做是对的。
2.It+谓语+动名词短语。It作形式主语,动名词短语作真正的主语。
例如:
It is dangerous playing with fire.玩火是危险的。
It is no use learning without thinking.学而不思则罔。
It’s useless arguing with a silly boy.和笨孩子争论是没有用的。
3.It+谓语+名词性从句。It作形式主语,以that引导的名词性从句是真正的主语。
例如:
It is a pity that you didn’t see such a good film.你没看这么好的电影,真可惜。
It is certain that we shall succeed.我们一定会成功。
It is strange that nobody knows where he lives.真奇怪,谁也不知道他住在哪里。
It is strange that…后面可用虚拟语气。
如:It is strange that he should have made such a mistake.他居然犯了这样一个错误,真奇怪。
It is strange that nobody should know where he lives.居然没有人知道他住在哪里,真奇怪。)
It is said that the plane will take off at ten tomorrow morning.
据说飞机明天上午十点起飞。
(三)it作形式宾语
it作形式宾语,代表其后所说的真正的宾语。真正的宾语是以that引导的名词性从句或不定式短语。例如:
I consider it wrong that you Chinese students learn English without comparing it with your own language.我认为你们中国学生学习英语,不和你们自己的语言比较是不对的。
I find it not so difficult to learn a foreign language.我发现学习一门外语不那么困难。
I remember I made it clear to you that I was not coming.我记得向你明确表示过我不来。
They want to make it clear to the public that they are doing an important and necessary job.他们要向公众表明,他们在做一件重要而又必要的工作。
(四)it用于强调结构
在表示强调的结构中,it可用作先行代词,这种结构的句型如下:It+is/was+被强调的部分+that+其他部分。如果强调的部分是人,可用who,whom代替that.
例如:
Professor Wang teaches us English every Monday afternoon.王教授每星期一下午教我们英语。
强调主语:It is Professor Wang who teaches us English every Monday afternoon.
强调间接宾语:It is us whom Prof.Wang teaches English every Monday afternoon.
强调直接宾语:It is English that Prof.Wang teaches us every Monday afternoon.
强调状语:It is every Monday afternoon that Prof.Wang teaches us English.
It was here that I first met him.这就是我初次与他见面的地方。
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