英语基本语法知识点讲解:助动词have和do的用法
1.助动词have的用法
1)have+过去分词,构成完成时态,例如:
He has left for London.他已去了伦敦。
By the end of last month,they had finished half of their work.
上月未为止,他们已经完成工作的一半。
2)have+been+现在分词,构成完成进行时,例如:
I have been studying English for ten years.
我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。
3)have+been+过去分词,构成完成式被动语态,例如:
English has been taught in China for many years.
中国教英语已经多年。
2.助动词do的用法
1)构成一般疑问句,例如:
Do you want to pass the CET?你想通过大学英语测试吗?
Did you study German?你们学过德语吗?
2)do+not构成否定句,例如:
I do not want to be criticized.我不想挨批评。
He doesn't like to study.他不想学习。
In the past,many students did not know the importance of English.过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。
3)构成否定祈使句,例如:
Don't go there.不要去那里。
Don't be so absent-minded.不要这么心不在焉。
说明:构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。
4)放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气,例如:
Do come to my birthday party.一定来参加我的生日宴会。
I did go there.我确实去那儿了。
I do miss you.我确实想你。
5)用于倒装句,例如:
Never did I hear of such a thing.我从未听说过这样的事情。
Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.
只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。
说明:引导此类倒装句的副词有never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,well等。
6)用作代动词,例如:
----Do you like Beijing?--你喜欢北京吗?
----Yes,I do.--是的,喜欢。(do用作代动词,代替like Beijing.)
He knows how to drive a car,doesn't he?
他知道如何开车,对吧?
1)have+过去分词,构成完成时态,例如:
He has left for London.他已去了伦敦。
By the end of last month,they had finished half of their work.
上月未为止,他们已经完成工作的一半。
2)have+been+现在分词,构成完成进行时,例如:
I have been studying English for ten years.
我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。
3)have+been+过去分词,构成完成式被动语态,例如:
English has been taught in China for many years.
中国教英语已经多年。
2.助动词do的用法
1)构成一般疑问句,例如:
Do you want to pass the CET?你想通过大学英语测试吗?
Did you study German?你们学过德语吗?
2)do+not构成否定句,例如:
I do not want to be criticized.我不想挨批评。
He doesn't like to study.他不想学习。
In the past,many students did not know the importance of English.过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。
3)构成否定祈使句,例如:
Don't go there.不要去那里。
Don't be so absent-minded.不要这么心不在焉。
说明:构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。
4)放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气,例如:
Do come to my birthday party.一定来参加我的生日宴会。
I did go there.我确实去那儿了。
I do miss you.我确实想你。
5)用于倒装句,例如:
Never did I hear of such a thing.我从未听说过这样的事情。
Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.
只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。
说明:引导此类倒装句的副词有never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,well等。
6)用作代动词,例如:
----Do you like Beijing?--你喜欢北京吗?
----Yes,I do.--是的,喜欢。(do用作代动词,代替like Beijing.)
He knows how to drive a car,doesn't he?
他知道如何开车,对吧?
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