2020年考研英语词汇：-ist在考研试题中常见形式

-ist在英语英语中是常见的后缀，可以作为名词后缀或者形容词后缀构成单词，-ist在英语中作名词后缀常见的意思大概有两种：(1)表示具有某种理念，主义或信仰的人;(2)表示从事某种职业的人，从事某种研究的人以及与某事物有关的人。作为形容词后缀，-ist指某某主义的。-ist这两种性质在考研英语的试卷中经常考查，接下来本文通过试题例句来解析一下-ist这几种用法。

　　例1：

　　(1)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. (2009 Part B)

　　(2)If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. (2012 Text 4)

　　(1)(2)两个例句中由-ist构成的词为naturalist和unionist，两个词均是名词词性，且后缀-ist在这两个例句中的意思可以解读为具有某种理念，主义或信仰的人，naturalist由单词natural+ist构成，可以翻译成具有自然主义的人，自然主义者;unionist由单词union+ist构成，可以翻译成具有联合主义的人，联合主义者。由此可得，当-ist作为名词后缀指具有某种理念，主义或信仰的人，可以翻译成某某主义者，某某主义家。

　　(3)I’ve attended research conferences where a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment. (1999 Text 5)

　　(4)You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. (1992 Text 1)

　　(3)(4)两个例句中由-ist构成的名词为scientist和motorist，这两个单词中的-ist不再是具有某种理念，主义或者信仰的人，而是它的第二层意思，即从事某种职业，某种研究或和某事有关的人，所以scientist就是science+ist，从事科学研究的人，也就是科学家;motorist就是motor+ist，和汽车相关的人，也就是汽车驾驶员。所以，-ist若表示从事某种职业，某种研究或某事有关的人时，经常翻译成某某者，某某家。

　　例2：

　　(5)I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities -- those of love and of reason -- are the aims of all social arrangements. (1993 Text 2)

　　(6)With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be -- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right -- it can hardly be classed as Literature.(2000 Text 3)

　　(5)(6)例句中-ist是以形容词后缀出现的，两个词分别为humanist，futurist。-ist做形容词后缀的时候只有一层意思，代表某某主义的，所以humanist是human+ist，人文主义的，futurist是future+ist，未来主义的，未来派的。

　　所以只要把-ist作为名词后缀的两层意思以及作为形容词后缀的一层意思把握准确，试题中这一类的词就不难解决。