考研英语(二)长难句解析——2020年Section I Use of English
【典型例句1】:The researchers wanted to know if the optimism and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would change the way companies invested.
【例句解析】:本句主干为The researchers want to know…,后面是由连词If引导的宾语从句,在该宾语从句中,出现了由并列连词连接的并列结构,即optimism and inclination;以及由连词that引导的定语从句,该定语从句修饰限定的先行词是前面出现的并列结构,for risk-taking是介词短语作并列结构的后置定语,将先行词语定语从句隔开,翻译的时候需要多加注意。除此之外,在由that引导的定语从句中,出现了一个省略连词的定语从句,即the way companies invested,该定语从句省略了in which 或者that,修饰限定先行词the way。
【难点点拨】:optimism:乐观;inclination:倾向;risk-taking:冒险;invest:投资
【例句释义】:研究者希望了解乐观精神和随快乐而来的冒险精神是否会改变公司投资的方式。
【典型例句2】:So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness measured by Gallup polling with investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.
【例句解析】: 本句主干为So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness with investment activity。Measured by Gallup polling是过去分词短语作U.S. cities’ average happiness的后置定语,翻译的时候需要放到该短语前面;后面出现了of介词短语作后置定语,修饰限定investment activity,除此之外,介词短语in those areas作publicly traded firms的后置定语。
【难点点拨】:average:平均的;publicly:公然的,公开的
【例句释义】:因此,他们把盖洛普咨询公司所评估出的美国城市平均幸福指数与该地区的上市公司投资活跃度进行对比。
【典型例句3】:To find out, the researchers controlled for various factors that might make firms more likely to invest—like size, industry and sales—and for indicators that a place was desirable to live in, like growth in wages or population.
【例句解析】:该句为主从复合句,句子主干为the researches controlled for various factors and for indicators,句子主干是一个由并列连词and连接的并列结构。前半部分出现了由连词that引导的定语从句,修饰限定先行词various factor,后半部分出现了由连词that引导的同位语从句,解释说明indicators。在这两个句子中,又出现了由破折号引出的短语作同位语,对前面的various factors解释说明。
【难点点拨】:find out:查明,发现;control for:控制,掌握;indicator:指标;desirable:令人满意的,值得要的;wage:工资
【例句释义】:为了弄清这一点,研究者掌握了多种可能促使公司投资的因素,例如规模,产业,销售,也掌握了各种指标,如适宜居住地,工资涨幅及人口变化。
【典型例句4】:The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors attribute to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less experienced managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.”
【例句解析】:本句是主从复合句,主干是The correlation…was particularly strong for younger firms,在该句中between happiness and investment是介词短语作the correlation的后置定语。后面的分句是由连词which引导的非限制定语从句,修饰限定前面的主句。在该定语从句中,出现了由并列连词and连接的并列结构,即“less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less experienced managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.”而在后半句中,又出现了由who引导的定语从句,修饰限定younger and less experienced managers。
【难点点拨】:correlation:关联,相互关系;attribute to:把…归咎于;codify:编纂;sentiment:感情,情绪
【例句释义】:幸福与投资之间的关系尤其适用于新公司,这是因为新公司所做决定会偏草率,而且年轻的新经理决策时更容易受情绪影响。
【典型例句5】:Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.
【例句解析】:本句主干是Firms seem to invest more in places…,rather than in places…。其中where引导了定语从句,修饰限定名词places。with引导的介词短语作places的后置定语,对其进行修饰限定。两个分句是由转折连词rather than连接的并列结构,后半部分省略了invest,补充完整应该是rather than invest in places with happiness inequality。
【难点点拨】:relatively:相对的,比较的;inequality:不平等,不同
【例句释义】:公司似乎乐于投资那些相对快乐的员工所在的部门,而不是那些不快乐的部门。
该篇文章虽然没有较多的生僻词汇,但是相比于前几年,难度有所增加,长难句出现的比较多,对从句的考察比较多,尤其是定语从句的考察,这就要求学生在课下对定语从句需要有一个更为深刻的了解,要有意识的对阅读中、完形中以及翻译中出现的长难句多加分析,需要大家课下多加练习。
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