2020北京高中士兵考军校-英语知识点汇总（三十一）

　　Ⅳ。 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：

　　1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。

　　2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.

　　3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。

　　This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。

　　Beijing， which has been China‘s capital for more than 800 years ， is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。

　　4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为“的”字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）

　　比较： He has a sister， who is a musician.

　　He has a sister who is a musician.

　　引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who， whom， whose ， 指物时用which ， whose; 关系副词when，where， why， etc.

　　1. He studied hard at school when he was young， which leads to his success in his later life.

　　2. Tom’s father， who arrived just now， is a famous scientist.

　　3. They set up a separate state of their own， where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.

　　4. He was proud， which his brother never was.