China to Help Europe Develop GPS1 Rival
China is to contribute to a new global satellite navigation system being developed by European nations.The Galileo satellite system2 ____1____ a more accurate civilian alternative3 to the Global Positioning System（GPS），operated by the US military.China will provide 230m Euros（USD 259m）4 in ___2___and will cooperate with technical，manufacturing and market development.“China will help Galileo to ____3_____ the major world infrastructure for the growing market for location services，”said Loyola de Palacio，EU transport commissioner.
A new center that will coordinate co-operation was also announced __4___ the European Commission5，the European Space Agency（ESA）6 and the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology not long ____5____.The China-Europe Global Navigation Satellite System Technical Training and Cooperation Center will be ___6____ at Beijing University.China has a substantial satellite launch industry and could potentially help launch the Galileo satellites.
The US has claimed that Galileo could interfere____7____ the US ability to downgrade the GPS service during military conflicts.European officials say this is unfounded and counter that US opposition ____8___ the commercial challenge Galileo would present to GPS.Galileo will be precise to within a meter，while the civilian GPS service is accurate to around 10 meters.
The Galileo satellite constellation7 will ____9____ 27 operational and three reserve satellites orbiting the Earth at an altitude of 23，600 km.The satellites will be strung8 along three medium-Earth orbits at 56 degrees inclination to the equator and will provide global coverage.The system should be operational by 2008 and the entire project is expected to ___10___ around 3.2 billion Euros（USD 3.6 billion）。
The European Commission has said Galileo will primarily be used for transportation technology，scientific research，land management and disaster monitoring.
Galileo will provide two signals；a standard civilian one and an encrypted，wide-band signal ___11___ the Public Regulated Service（PRS）9.This second signal is designed to withstand localized jamming and will be used by police and military services in Europe.European Commission ____12_____ have said China will not be given access to the PRS10.
The first Galileo satellite is scheduled to launch late in 2004.Clocks on board11 the _____13____ will be synchronized12 through 20 ground sensors stations，two command centers and 15 uplink stations.
Receivers on the ground will use time signals from the satellites to precisely calculate their ____14____.A“search and rescue”function will also ____15____ distress signals13 be relayed through the constellation of satellites.
词汇：
infrastructure n.基础结构，基础设施
encrypt v.轨把……编码
withstand v.抵挡；经受住
downgrade v.使降级
jam v.（信号）干扰
unfounded adj.无事实根据的
sensor n.传感器；敏感元件
constellation n.（卫星）群集
uplink n.（从地球到通讯卫星的）上行线路，向上传输
inclination n.倾斜
注释：
1.GPS：Global Positioning System全球定位系统
2.the Galileo satellite system：伽利略人造卫星系统。指以意大利物理学家和天文学家伽利略（1564一1642）命名的人造卫星系统。
3.A more accurate civilian alternative：一种更精确的民用系统。alternative：另一种选择。这里是相对美国军用卫星导航系统而言的民用系统。alternative可以与to连用，又如：1 wanted to go out，but I had no money.I had no alternative to staying at home.我想出去，可是没钱：只能呆在家里。
4.230m Euros（USD 259m）：230 million Euros（USD 259 million）：二亿三千万欧元（二亿五千九百万美元）。Euro欧元。USD美元。
5.the European Commission：欧洲贸易委员会6.European Space Agency（ESA）：欧洲航天局7.the Galileo satellite constellation：伽利略人造卫星群8.strung：string的过去分词形式，意思是：to arrange in a string or series使排成一行或一系列。
9.the Public Regulated Service（PRS）：公共调控服务系统10.China will not be given access to the PRS：中国无权使用公共调控服务系统。access to：有权使用11.on board：在船上，在公共交通工具内（in or on a ship or public vehicle）。又如：We went on board the ship.我们登上了轮船。
12.Clocks…will be synchronized：钟表将与……时间同步
13.distress signals：遇难信号
练习：
1.A）offer B）offered C）will offer D）has offered
2.A）funding B）providing C）paying D）charging
3.A）build B）use C）become D）do
4.A）in B）at C）on D）by
5.A）before B）ago C）after D）later
6.A）found B）produced C）positioned D）located
7.A）with B）for C）about D）above
8.A）results in B）gives rise to C）is due to D）causes
9.A）be made from B）consist of C）consist in D）be consisted of
10.A）spend B）gain C）give D）cost
11.A）offered B）called C）used D）turned
12.A）officials B）countries C）organization D）agreement
13.A）/B）the satellite C）the satellites D）satellites
14.A）speed B）direction C）distance D）location
15.A）send B）let C）allow D）transmit
答案与题解：
1.C该段主要是说，中国将帮助欧洲建立一个全球卫星导航系统。因此，作者整段使用了将来时。
2.A fund的意思是：to furnish a fund for（为……提供资金）。该句说，中国将提供二亿三千万欧元（二亿五千九百万美元））的资金。C和D在意思上不符合段意。
3.C A是错误的选项，因为伽利略（人造卫星）本身就是the major world infrastructure for the growing market for location services.B和D与句意不符。
4.D was also announced是被动语态，其后是动作的执行者the European Commission，the European Space Agency（ESA）和the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology，所以应选择D.
5.B这个句子的动词was also announced是过去时，句子的意思是说，前不久，欧洲贸易委员会、欧洲航天局和中国科技部宣布成立一个新的中心，来协调合作事宜。因此，B是正确选项。A是错误选项，因为，虽然before也有与ago相同的意思，但是在用法上不一样，before与过去完成时一起使用。
6.D整个句子的意思是说该中心将设在北京大学内。be located at（或in）是正确搭配。
7.A interfere with是固定搭配，在这里的意思是：妨碍，干扰。
8.C这个句子说，美国对伽利略（人造卫星）持反对态度，是由于伽利略（人造卫星）对全球定位系统在商业上具有挑战性。选项A、B和D的意思都是“导致”，所以不符合句意。be due to的意思是“由于”或“由……造成”。
9.B这个句子告诉我们伽利略人造卫星群由27个运作卫星和3个储备卫星构成。B是“由……构成”的意思。选项A的be made from是“由……材料制造”的意思。选项C的consist in是“在于”或“存在于”的意思。consist of不能使用被动形式，所以选项D也是错误的。
10.D这个句子告诉读者，整个工程预计花费（cost）约32亿欧元。B和C与句意不符。选项A中的spend的意思是：to pay out（money）（花钱），一般用作及物动词，如：He spent 5 yuan on the book.而cost作为动词的用法一般是：The book costs him 5 yuan.The book costs 5 yuan.动词cost也没有被动态形式。
11.B wide-band signal called the Public Regulated Ser，ice（PRS）叫做公共调控服务系统的宽带信号。called在此是过去分词作后置定语修饰wide-band signal.12.A句子的谓语动词have said决定了主语应该是人而不是物。B是单数名词，不能用在这里。
13.B Clocks on board the satellite：在这架卫星上的钟表。这里的satellite特指前一句中的The first Galileo satellite，所以使用了定冠词，the.选项A、C和D的内容文中都没有出现过，所以是错的。
14.D通篇文章谈的都是定位系统，所以，地面接收借助定位系统来定位，应选location.其他三个选项（speed、direction、distance）都不符合上下文所表达的意思。
15.B从语法结构来看，只能选择B，闲为be relayed前没有动词不定式的形态标记to.
China is to contribute to a new global satellite navigation system being developed by European nations.The Galileo satellite system2 ____1____ a more accurate civilian alternative3 to the Global Positioning System（GPS），operated by the US military.China will provide 230m Euros（USD 259m）4 in ___2___and will cooperate with technical，manufacturing and market development.“China will help Galileo to ____3_____ the major world infrastructure for the growing market for location services，”said Loyola de Palacio，EU transport commissioner.
A new center that will coordinate co-operation was also announced __4___ the European Commission5，the European Space Agency（ESA）6 and the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology not long ____5____.The China-Europe Global Navigation Satellite System Technical Training and Cooperation Center will be ___6____ at Beijing University.China has a substantial satellite launch industry and could potentially help launch the Galileo satellites.
The US has claimed that Galileo could interfere____7____ the US ability to downgrade the GPS service during military conflicts.European officials say this is unfounded and counter that US opposition ____8___ the commercial challenge Galileo would present to GPS.Galileo will be precise to within a meter，while the civilian GPS service is accurate to around 10 meters.
The Galileo satellite constellation7 will ____9____ 27 operational and three reserve satellites orbiting the Earth at an altitude of 23，600 km.The satellites will be strung8 along three medium-Earth orbits at 56 degrees inclination to the equator and will provide global coverage.The system should be operational by 2008 and the entire project is expected to ___10___ around 3.2 billion Euros（USD 3.6 billion）。
The European Commission has said Galileo will primarily be used for transportation technology，scientific research，land management and disaster monitoring.
Galileo will provide two signals；a standard civilian one and an encrypted，wide-band signal ___11___ the Public Regulated Service（PRS）9.This second signal is designed to withstand localized jamming and will be used by police and military services in Europe.European Commission ____12_____ have said China will not be given access to the PRS10.
The first Galileo satellite is scheduled to launch late in 2004.Clocks on board11 the _____13____ will be synchronized12 through 20 ground sensors stations，two command centers and 15 uplink stations.
Receivers on the ground will use time signals from the satellites to precisely calculate their ____14____.A“search and rescue”function will also ____15____ distress signals13 be relayed through the constellation of satellites.
词汇：
infrastructure n.基础结构，基础设施
encrypt v.轨把……编码
withstand v.抵挡；经受住
downgrade v.使降级
jam v.（信号）干扰
unfounded adj.无事实根据的
sensor n.传感器；敏感元件
constellation n.（卫星）群集
uplink n.（从地球到通讯卫星的）上行线路，向上传输
inclination n.倾斜
注释：
1.GPS：Global Positioning System全球定位系统
2.the Galileo satellite system：伽利略人造卫星系统。指以意大利物理学家和天文学家伽利略（1564一1642）命名的人造卫星系统。
3.A more accurate civilian alternative：一种更精确的民用系统。alternative：另一种选择。这里是相对美国军用卫星导航系统而言的民用系统。alternative可以与to连用，又如：1 wanted to go out，but I had no money.I had no alternative to staying at home.我想出去，可是没钱：只能呆在家里。
4.230m Euros（USD 259m）：230 million Euros（USD 259 million）：二亿三千万欧元（二亿五千九百万美元）。Euro欧元。USD美元。
5.the European Commission：欧洲贸易委员会6.European Space Agency（ESA）：欧洲航天局7.the Galileo satellite constellation：伽利略人造卫星群8.strung：string的过去分词形式，意思是：to arrange in a string or series使排成一行或一系列。
9.the Public Regulated Service（PRS）：公共调控服务系统10.China will not be given access to the PRS：中国无权使用公共调控服务系统。access to：有权使用11.on board：在船上，在公共交通工具内（in or on a ship or public vehicle）。又如：We went on board the ship.我们登上了轮船。
12.Clocks…will be synchronized：钟表将与……时间同步
13.distress signals：遇难信号
练习：
1.A）offer B）offered C）will offer D）has offered
2.A）funding B）providing C）paying D）charging
3.A）build B）use C）become D）do
4.A）in B）at C）on D）by
5.A）before B）ago C）after D）later
6.A）found B）produced C）positioned D）located
7.A）with B）for C）about D）above
8.A）results in B）gives rise to C）is due to D）causes
9.A）be made from B）consist of C）consist in D）be consisted of
10.A）spend B）gain C）give D）cost
11.A）offered B）called C）used D）turned
12.A）officials B）countries C）organization D）agreement
13.A）/B）the satellite C）the satellites D）satellites
14.A）speed B）direction C）distance D）location
15.A）send B）let C）allow D）transmit
答案与题解：
1.C该段主要是说，中国将帮助欧洲建立一个全球卫星导航系统。因此，作者整段使用了将来时。
2.A fund的意思是：to furnish a fund for（为……提供资金）。该句说，中国将提供二亿三千万欧元（二亿五千九百万美元））的资金。C和D在意思上不符合段意。
3.C A是错误的选项，因为伽利略（人造卫星）本身就是the major world infrastructure for the growing market for location services.B和D与句意不符。
4.D was also announced是被动语态，其后是动作的执行者the European Commission，the European Space Agency（ESA）和the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology，所以应选择D.
5.B这个句子的动词was also announced是过去时，句子的意思是说，前不久，欧洲贸易委员会、欧洲航天局和中国科技部宣布成立一个新的中心，来协调合作事宜。因此，B是正确选项。A是错误选项，因为，虽然before也有与ago相同的意思，但是在用法上不一样，before与过去完成时一起使用。
6.D整个句子的意思是说该中心将设在北京大学内。be located at（或in）是正确搭配。
7.A interfere with是固定搭配，在这里的意思是：妨碍，干扰。
8.C这个句子说，美国对伽利略（人造卫星）持反对态度，是由于伽利略（人造卫星）对全球定位系统在商业上具有挑战性。选项A、B和D的意思都是“导致”，所以不符合句意。be due to的意思是“由于”或“由……造成”。
9.B这个句子告诉我们伽利略人造卫星群由27个运作卫星和3个储备卫星构成。B是“由……构成”的意思。选项A的be made from是“由……材料制造”的意思。选项C的consist in是“在于”或“存在于”的意思。consist of不能使用被动形式，所以选项D也是错误的。
10.D这个句子告诉读者，整个工程预计花费（cost）约32亿欧元。B和C与句意不符。选项A中的spend的意思是：to pay out（money）（花钱），一般用作及物动词，如：He spent 5 yuan on the book.而cost作为动词的用法一般是：The book costs him 5 yuan.The book costs 5 yuan.动词cost也没有被动态形式。
11.B wide-band signal called the Public Regulated Ser，ice（PRS）叫做公共调控服务系统的宽带信号。called在此是过去分词作后置定语修饰wide-band signal.12.A句子的谓语动词have said决定了主语应该是人而不是物。B是单数名词，不能用在这里。
13.B Clocks on board the satellite：在这架卫星上的钟表。这里的satellite特指前一句中的The first Galileo satellite，所以使用了定冠词，the.选项A、C和D的内容文中都没有出现过，所以是错的。
14.D通篇文章谈的都是定位系统，所以，地面接收借助定位系统来定位，应选location.其他三个选项（speed、direction、distance）都不符合上下文所表达的意思。
15.B从语法结构来看，只能选择B，闲为be relayed前没有动词不定式的形态标记to.
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