2021军队职称英语考试指导:常用语法精解(12)
记住上述要点了吗?做几道题,巩固一下上面所讲的内容:
尽量不要查字典!
1)The book ______ is now out of stock
A.which he bought it last week
B.which he bought last week
C.which he had bought last week
D.which it was bought last week
解题思路:如果你选择了A或D,说明你对"句子成分"的概念,或对关系代词在句子中可以做什么成分还不清楚,应该好好复习"什么叫定语从句?"一节;如果选C,说明你对时态概念仍不清楚,再复习"过去完成时"一节;正确答案为B,"which"在从句中做动词bought的宾语。这里能不能将"which"改成"that"呢?当然可以,而且现在更多的是用"that".实际使用中,该句子中的"which"或"that"可以省掉,即:The book he bought last week is now out of stock.(他上周买的那本书现在脱销。),即:当关系代词在从句中当宾语时,可以省掉。
2)He is the man ______ is capable of finishing this task.
A.he
B.whom
C.who
D.which
解题思路:正确答案为C,关系代词在从句中当主语,故选择主格who而不是whom;任何A、D选择说明学生缺乏最基本的语法概念,应补最基础的语法课。
3)The only thing _____ can be done is to stop them from going there.
A.which
B.that
C.what
D.who
解题思路:记住:定语从句中永远不可能出现what做连接词,记住这句话对理解"名词性从句"会大有帮助;既然先行词为thing(事情),就不能用who连接;同时出现"which"和"that",又没有","号,当然选B(the only thing只能用that连接,不能用which连接)。下面一题的思路是一样的:
4)All ______ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
A.which is needed
B.that is needed
C.what is needed
D.is needed
正确答案是:B注意:all that=what,不可能出现all what
5)Some of the roads have been flooded(淹没),______ our journey more difficult.
A.it makes
B.they make
C.which makes
D.which make
解题思路:四个答题中有两个区分点:第一个区分点是:C、D都用了连接词"which",而A、B没有用,根据"逗号不能连接两个句子"的原则,A、B肯定不对;第二个区分点是:C、D中,动词一个用单数形式makes,一个用复数形式,这里应选择C.为什么?非限制性定语从句中,除了说明先行的某个名词外,还可以说明整个句子的内容,此时动词用单数形式。全句意思:有的路已被洪水淹没,这使我们的旅行更加困难。"which"代表"有的路已被洪水淹没"这件事情。
考试时,当出现类似形式的题目而确实又看不懂句子意思时,应倾向于选择which+单数动词的那个选项。
6)They have made another wonderful discovery,______ of great importance to science.
A.which I think is
B.I think which is
C.which I think it is
D.I think of which is
解题思路:英语中的连接词一般都是放在从句的最前面,据此,可以排除B、D选项;A、C的区分点是"it",想一下本节的第一题,就能正确选择答案A了。此类题目中,I think应理解为"插入语",要熟悉这种形式,
又如:
He is the man ______ I suppose is capable of finishing this task.
该题应填who而不是whom
(在从句中)当状语时:关系副词where及when
where:当先行名词在从句中当"地点状语"时,用关系副词where连接
例如:
The crime rate rises in cities where the unemployment rate increases.(失业率高的城市犯罪率也高。)句中的where=in cities,表示行为发生的地点。
这里的要点是能否区分是用that(which)还是用where,即:是做"主语、宾表语",还是做"地点状语",例如:
I love the small town that we visited last week.
句中"town"做动词"visited"的宾语,即"参观过的小镇",故用that连接。
I love the small town where I lived during my childhood.
句中"town"是动词"lived"的地点,即"童年时住过的小镇",故用where.
这也是定语从句的一个考点。
when:当先行名词在从句中当"时间状语"时,用关系副词when连接,例如:
July is the month when we have a lot of rain.(七月是多雨的月份。)
注意"when"定语从句后推的现象,例如:
I think(that)the day will finally come when air pollution can be put under control.(我认为空气污染得以控制的一天最终会来到。)
放在主句后面作非限制定语从句时(前面一般加","号),"when"一般译为"此时","那时",例如:
The meeting will be put off until next month,when we will have made all the preparations.(会议将推迟到下月,那时一切就准备就绪了。)
另一个关系副词是why,由于它固定与the reason搭配,即:the reason why,不难理解,一般也不作为考试的重点。例如:
This is the reason why the electronic computer cannot entirely replace man.这就是(为什么)电子计算机不能完全代替人的原因。
whose(=of which/whom):做先行词(不管是人还是物)的定语,汉语为"…的",不要考虑是否是限制性或非限制性定语从句,例如:
Pay attention to that boy whose temperature is very high.(理论上也可以写成:Pay attention to that boy the temperature of whom is very high.注意那个男孩,他的体温很高。(非限制性)/注意那个体温很高的男孩。(限制性)
尽量不要查字典!
1)The book ______ is now out of stock
A.which he bought it last week
B.which he bought last week
C.which he had bought last week
D.which it was bought last week
解题思路:如果你选择了A或D,说明你对"句子成分"的概念,或对关系代词在句子中可以做什么成分还不清楚,应该好好复习"什么叫定语从句?"一节;如果选C,说明你对时态概念仍不清楚,再复习"过去完成时"一节;正确答案为B,"which"在从句中做动词bought的宾语。这里能不能将"which"改成"that"呢?当然可以,而且现在更多的是用"that".实际使用中,该句子中的"which"或"that"可以省掉,即:The book he bought last week is now out of stock.(他上周买的那本书现在脱销。),即:当关系代词在从句中当宾语时,可以省掉。
2)He is the man ______ is capable of finishing this task.
A.he
B.whom
C.who
D.which
解题思路:正确答案为C,关系代词在从句中当主语,故选择主格who而不是whom;任何A、D选择说明学生缺乏最基本的语法概念,应补最基础的语法课。
3)The only thing _____ can be done is to stop them from going there.
A.which
B.that
C.what
D.who
解题思路:记住:定语从句中永远不可能出现what做连接词,记住这句话对理解"名词性从句"会大有帮助;既然先行词为thing(事情),就不能用who连接;同时出现"which"和"that",又没有","号,当然选B(the only thing只能用that连接,不能用which连接)。下面一题的思路是一样的:
4)All ______ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
A.which is needed
B.that is needed
C.what is needed
D.is needed
正确答案是:B注意:all that=what,不可能出现all what
5)Some of the roads have been flooded(淹没),______ our journey more difficult.
A.it makes
B.they make
C.which makes
D.which make
解题思路:四个答题中有两个区分点:第一个区分点是:C、D都用了连接词"which",而A、B没有用,根据"逗号不能连接两个句子"的原则,A、B肯定不对;第二个区分点是:C、D中,动词一个用单数形式makes,一个用复数形式,这里应选择C.为什么?非限制性定语从句中,除了说明先行的某个名词外,还可以说明整个句子的内容,此时动词用单数形式。全句意思:有的路已被洪水淹没,这使我们的旅行更加困难。"which"代表"有的路已被洪水淹没"这件事情。
考试时,当出现类似形式的题目而确实又看不懂句子意思时,应倾向于选择which+单数动词的那个选项。
6)They have made another wonderful discovery,______ of great importance to science.
A.which I think is
B.I think which is
C.which I think it is
D.I think of which is
解题思路:英语中的连接词一般都是放在从句的最前面,据此,可以排除B、D选项;A、C的区分点是"it",想一下本节的第一题,就能正确选择答案A了。此类题目中,I think应理解为"插入语",要熟悉这种形式,
又如:
He is the man ______ I suppose is capable of finishing this task.
该题应填who而不是whom
(在从句中)当状语时:关系副词where及when
where:当先行名词在从句中当"地点状语"时,用关系副词where连接
例如:
The crime rate rises in cities where the unemployment rate increases.(失业率高的城市犯罪率也高。)句中的where=in cities,表示行为发生的地点。
这里的要点是能否区分是用that(which)还是用where,即:是做"主语、宾表语",还是做"地点状语",例如:
I love the small town that we visited last week.
句中"town"做动词"visited"的宾语,即"参观过的小镇",故用that连接。
I love the small town where I lived during my childhood.
句中"town"是动词"lived"的地点,即"童年时住过的小镇",故用where.
这也是定语从句的一个考点。
when:当先行名词在从句中当"时间状语"时,用关系副词when连接,例如:
July is the month when we have a lot of rain.(七月是多雨的月份。)
注意"when"定语从句后推的现象,例如:
I think(that)the day will finally come when air pollution can be put under control.(我认为空气污染得以控制的一天最终会来到。)
放在主句后面作非限制定语从句时(前面一般加","号),"when"一般译为"此时","那时",例如:
The meeting will be put off until next month,when we will have made all the preparations.(会议将推迟到下月,那时一切就准备就绪了。)
另一个关系副词是why,由于它固定与the reason搭配,即:the reason why,不难理解,一般也不作为考试的重点。例如:
This is the reason why the electronic computer cannot entirely replace man.这就是(为什么)电子计算机不能完全代替人的原因。
whose(=of which/whom):做先行词(不管是人还是物)的定语,汉语为"…的",不要考虑是否是限制性或非限制性定语从句,例如:
Pay attention to that boy whose temperature is very high.(理论上也可以写成:Pay attention to that boy the temperature of whom is very high.注意那个男孩,他的体温很高。(非限制性)/注意那个体温很高的男孩。(限制性)
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