全国军队职称英语考试常用语法指导解析(6)
第五句型:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
先回顾一下本讲第一节中有关宾语和宾语补足语的概念。
这个句型也是考试的重点,主要有三个难点:
1)要不要"to"的问题:
The director wants you to come right now.(主任要你马上就来。)
句中to come是宾语you的补足语。也就是说,当宾语补足语是动词时,一般要用"to"连接。但是,以下情况例外:
n make,let,have等使役动词,如:
Shall I have him come here?(要我叫他来吗?)
I won't have him cheat me.(否定式,表示"容许":我决不容许他欺骗我)
上述句型变为被动语态时,一般要加"to",如:
The nurse made the patient eat something.(护士让病人吃了点东西。)
→The patient was made to eat something.
有时,宾语补足语也可用-ing形式,如:
His joke made us laughing for a couple of minutes.(他的笑话使我们笑了几分钟。-注意后面的时间状语for a couple of minutes)
记住下面重要表达方式:
to have/get(something)done,如:
I am going to have(get)my watch repaired.(我去修一下表。)
n see,hear,notice,observe,watch,look at,listen to等感觉动词:
使用原则与上述大致相同。
2)要不要"it"的问题:
先看两个句子:
We sometimes find it difficult to get rid of a bad habit.(有时我们发现要改掉一个坏习惯很难。)该句的原始结构可理解为:We sometimes find(to get rid of a bad habit)difficult.括号部分(动词不定式)为宾语,difficult为宾语补足语
The doctor has made it clear to you that there is nothing wrong with your stomach.(医生已经跟你说得很清楚了,你的胃没有什么问题。)该句的原始结构可理解为:The doctor has made(there is nothing wrong with your stomach)clear.括号部分(句子)为宾语,clear为宾语补足语
归纳:
n在主语+宾语+宾语补足语结构中,当宾语是"动词不定式"或"句子"时,要用it(不是this,that或其他任何词)作形式宾语,将动词不定式或句子移到句子的后面去。
n考试时,判断要不要"it",主要看句子后面有没有"动词不定式"或"句子",若有,要选"it"
n宾语、宾语补足语倒装:当宾语(名词)较长,宾语补足语较短(往往是1个形容词,如possible,impossible,difficult,easy,clear等)时,为了句子结构均衡,往往采用倒装,这里不存在"it"的使用问题,对下句作出判断:
The development of ultrasound has made ______ early diagnosis of some fatal diseases.(超声波的出现使许多致命疾病的早期诊断成为可能。)
A.it possible
B.possible
C.it is
D.it
该题的正确答案应为B,因为句子采用了倒装形式,原结构为:
The development of ultrasound has made[early diagnosis of some fatal diseases]possible.
宾语补足语
3)记住以下短语:
to take…as(把…当作…)
to think of…as(把…看作…)
to regard…as(把…看作…)
to refer to…as(把…叫作…)
先回顾一下本讲第一节中有关宾语和宾语补足语的概念。
这个句型也是考试的重点,主要有三个难点:
1)要不要"to"的问题:
The director wants you to come right now.(主任要你马上就来。)
句中to come是宾语you的补足语。也就是说,当宾语补足语是动词时,一般要用"to"连接。但是,以下情况例外:
n make,let,have等使役动词,如:
Shall I have him come here?(要我叫他来吗?)
I won't have him cheat me.(否定式,表示"容许":我决不容许他欺骗我)
上述句型变为被动语态时,一般要加"to",如:
The nurse made the patient eat something.(护士让病人吃了点东西。)
→The patient was made to eat something.
有时,宾语补足语也可用-ing形式,如:
His joke made us laughing for a couple of minutes.(他的笑话使我们笑了几分钟。-注意后面的时间状语for a couple of minutes)
记住下面重要表达方式:
to have/get(something)done,如:
I am going to have(get)my watch repaired.(我去修一下表。)
n see,hear,notice,observe,watch,look at,listen to等感觉动词:
使用原则与上述大致相同。
2)要不要"it"的问题:
先看两个句子:
We sometimes find it difficult to get rid of a bad habit.(有时我们发现要改掉一个坏习惯很难。)该句的原始结构可理解为:We sometimes find(to get rid of a bad habit)difficult.括号部分(动词不定式)为宾语,difficult为宾语补足语
The doctor has made it clear to you that there is nothing wrong with your stomach.(医生已经跟你说得很清楚了,你的胃没有什么问题。)该句的原始结构可理解为:The doctor has made(there is nothing wrong with your stomach)clear.括号部分(句子)为宾语,clear为宾语补足语
归纳:
n在主语+宾语+宾语补足语结构中,当宾语是"动词不定式"或"句子"时,要用it(不是this,that或其他任何词)作形式宾语,将动词不定式或句子移到句子的后面去。
n考试时,判断要不要"it",主要看句子后面有没有"动词不定式"或"句子",若有,要选"it"
n宾语、宾语补足语倒装:当宾语(名词)较长,宾语补足语较短(往往是1个形容词,如possible,impossible,difficult,easy,clear等)时,为了句子结构均衡,往往采用倒装,这里不存在"it"的使用问题,对下句作出判断:
The development of ultrasound has made ______ early diagnosis of some fatal diseases.(超声波的出现使许多致命疾病的早期诊断成为可能。)
A.it possible
B.possible
C.it is
D.it
该题的正确答案应为B,因为句子采用了倒装形式,原结构为:
The development of ultrasound has made[early diagnosis of some fatal diseases]possible.
宾语补足语
3)记住以下短语:
to take…as(把…当作…)
to think of…as(把…看作…)
to regard…as(把…看作…)
to refer to…as(把…叫作…)
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