全国军队职称英语考试语法解析指导(2)
二. 五个基本句型
根据动词的特性,构成英语中五个基本句型:
1) 主语 + 系动词 + 表语
2) 主语 + 不及物动词 (+ 其他成分)
3) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
4) 主语 + 及物动词 + 双宾语
5) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
我们在学习5个基本句型时,主要关心每个句型中的出题点在哪里。
(一)第一句型:主语 + 系动词 + 表语
1) 系动词一般为be 动词。
注意:look, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, become, come, go, turn, grow, keep, seem, stand等词可以作"半系动词"用,按行为动词方式变化,起系动词的作用。
试验比较:
—— He felt the pockets thoroughly but did not find a single penny.(他摸遍了口袋但没有找到一分钱。—— feel为行为动词)
—— You look pale. Do you feel unwell? (你脸色苍白,感到不舒服?—— look / feel为系动词)
一般来说,动词后面跟的是个形容词或名词,该动词为系动词, 如:The plan sounds perfect. / The flower smells nice. / The dish tastes delicious. / It is getting dark.
实例:
"Don't worry. Let me take your pulse first." "Oh, it ______ normal." (脉搏正常)
A. is felt
B. is feeling
C. feels
D. felt
解题思路:normal为形容词,前面应为系动词;系动词没有被动语态,故A不对; look, feel, sound, taste, smell, seem等半系动词一般不用进行时,B也不对;D时态错了,故正确答案为C.
2)there be是英语中非常重要的一个句型: there是引导词,不解释 "那里"; 这是个倒装句, 主语在be动词的后面, be动词的单复数由后面的主语决定。
注意中国学生容易搞错的问题:
There isn't enough furniture in the room.(房间里家具不够)
错:There hasn't enough furniture in the room.
There is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.(毫无疑问,中国已消灭天花。)
错:It is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.
There is ample evidence that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. (充分证据表明,爱滋病正在亚洲迅速蔓延。—— 同位语从句)
错:It is evidence that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. (可以: It is evident that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. - 主语从句)
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