According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to ________.

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• 1Laudenslager’s experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity ________.

  A.was strengthened

  B.was not affected

  C.was altered

  D.was weakened

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• 2The reason why the mice in Ader’s experiment avoided saccharin was that ________.

  A.they disliked its taste

  B.it affected their immune systems

  C.it led to stomach pains

  D.they associated it with stomachaches

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• 3The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Ader’s experiment was that ________.

  A.they had been weakened psychologically by the saccharin

  B.the sweetener was poisonous to them

  C.their immune systems had been altered by the mind

  D.they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning

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• 4It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals ________.

  A.can be weakened by conditioning

  B.can be suppressed by drug injections

  C.can be affected by frequent doses of saccharin

  D.can be altered by electric shocks

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• 5We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because ________.

  A.they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doing

  B.they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interests

  C.time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on it

  D.it is difficult for them to take effective measures

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• 6The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is ________.

  A.to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasion

  B.to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protection

  C.to take radical measures to control environmental pollution

  D.to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards

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