资料题：According to the author, the reform efforts of 1980s（　）。

School reform proposals in the first half of the 1980s brought hope that at least the countrywould wake up to the need for serious improvement in our public schools.At the same time,there was skepticism (怀疑态度) as to whether the momentum for reform would last long enough to bring about real change a fear that the enthusiasm would fade, leaving the schools much the same as before.We can say two things about this skepticism; the reform movement has had more staying power than many had hoped for, and the worry still persists -how much has really changed, and will there be enough momentum to carry the movement into the 1990s? The pessimist would have to say that this cannot go on forever, people will surely tire of this constant clamor for school reform that seems to produce disappointing results and tum their attention elsewhere.A more optimistic view could look at several factors which, though less visible than the continued failure in so many schools, nevertheless might cause reform not only to continue but to increase in the nineties.The most important basis for optimism is that the political force that has been driving educational reform in the eighties is still as strong as ever, they fear that continued educational failure will lead to economic decline and a lowered standard of living.Reform movements of the past have been based either on educational ideas that did not necessarily have widespread support or on national ‘‘emergencies”whose urgency faded within a few years.It's true that the connection of these economic fears to education would not necessarily have to last.If experts came along with other explanations and ways for improvement of American economic position, the interest in education might indeed decrease.On the contrary, however, more and more people are seeing that our failure to prepare our young people for productive and responsible adulthood has terrible economic as well as social consequences and that“investing in our youth" has to be an important component of America's success in the world economy of the future.