资料题："Mental effect" in the paragraph means（　）。

First aid may be defined as the immediate and temporary care given to a victim of an accident or serious illness until a physician cam be obtained. The emergency situation often causes confusion in the mind of the victim. Things seem unreal and remote, and he often cannot think clearly and rationally for some time. Therefore, first aid is more than the physical attention such as dressing his injuries or making him comfortable. It is the general mental effect that the well selected word of encouragement, the expression of willingness to help, the uplifting effect of the aider's evident capability can give. The thoughtful suggestions made to solve immediate problems, the information given concerning nearby physicians and hospitals, the telephone call to summon medical help or an ambulance or to notify a relative, these, too, are first aid. The good first aider deals with. the whale situation, the person and the injury. He knows what not to do as well as what to do. Thus, he avoids the error so commonly made through well meant but misguided efforts. He confines his procedures to what is necessary, keeping the handling of injured parts to a minimum.