在意识清晰的基础上出现以下哪些幻觉对诊断精神分裂症有特征性

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• 1精神分裂症患者常见的前驱期症状包括

  A.行为改变：如社交退缩或丧失兴趣，多疑敏感，社会功能水平下降等

  B.思维改变：如坚信不疑的认为周围的同事和朋友要陷害自己

  C.认知改变：出现一些古怪或异常观念，学习或工作能力下降等

  D.躯体改变：睡眠和食欲改变，乏力，活动和动机下降等

  E.情绪改变：抑郁，焦虑，情绪波动，易激惹等

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• 2Michaels parents are divorced；his father lives in a boarding house and has residual schizophreni

  A.What Symptoms are associated with this subtype of schizophreniaA.Flat affect，lack of motivation social isolation，lack of interest or pleasure in most things， hallucinations or delusions are not prominent

  B.Motoric immobility，waxy flexibility，stupor，negativism or mutism

  C.Persecutory delusions and frequent auditory hallucinations，in the absence of disorganised speech or behaviour or inappropriate affect

  D.Persecutory delusions and frequent auditory hallucinations，in the absence of disorganised speech or behaviour or inappropriate affect

  E.Manifested by two or more of the following：delusions，hallucinations，disorganized speech，grossly disorganized behavior，and negative symptoms

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• 3Smith believes that the devil has chosen him for a special mission in the Underworld.He refuses food saying that he has to be pure for his mission.He draws symbols on himself and the walls saying that this will show the way to the devil.Although he cannot explain why and how he was chosen，he cannot accept that his belief is illogical.What symptoms of schizophrenia is Michael showing

  A.Hallucinations

  B.Delusions

  C.Thought blocking

  D.Derealization

  E.Ideas of reference

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• 4A 55-year-old woman presents with 5 weeks of significant depression following the sudden death of her husband. She reports difficulty sleeping，a 5kg weight loss，frequent crying spells，and profound guilt over surviving her. For the last week，she has been convinced that her body is literally decaying. She admits to seeing her husbands face during the day，as well as hearing his voice telling her to kill herself and join him. Which of the following diagnosis is most likely

  A.Major depression with psychotic features

  B.Schizophrenia

  C.Schizoaffective disorder

  D.Adjustment disorder

  E.Psychosis secondary to a general medical condition

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• 5女性，43岁，已婚，公务员。近5年来，坚信本单位同部门的两个同事嫉妒自己能力强，因此采取多种方式来恶意陷害、诬陷自己，因此搜集了很多所谓的证据、多次向领导反映、向法院诉讼，家人、朋友解释劝说都无法阻止其上诉。患者一直坚持工作，与其他大多数同事尚能正常交往。该患者最可能的诊断是

  A.心境障碍

  B.妄想性障碍

  C.精神分裂症

  D.急性短暂性精神障碍

  E.无精神病

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• 6在意识清晰的基础上出现以下哪些妄想对诊断精神分裂症有特征性

  A.自罪妄想

  B.疑病妄想

  C.夸大妄想

  D.物理影响妄想

  E.原发性妄想

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• 7下列哪些症状对诊断精神分裂症有重要价值

  A.思维插入

  B.思维被夺

  C.思维被广播

  D.联想松弛

  E.强迫性思维

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• 8下列哪些症状对诊断精神分裂症有重要价值：

  A.情感淡漠

  B.情感不协调

  C.情绪低落

  D.情感高涨

  E.情绪焦虑恐惧

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• 9精神分裂症急性发作期的主要治疗方法有

  A.抗精神病药物

  B.认知心理治疗

  C.电抽搐治疗

  D.行为治疗

  E.大剂量安眠药注射

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• 10改善精神分裂症预后的措施有

  A.早期发现

  B.尽早使用抗精神病药物

  C.注意维持用药

  D.配合心理、家庭、社会治疗

  E.保证足够的住院时间

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