2020天津公安消防考军校考试-句子成分（二）

2、谓语：是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”，在主语后接宾语，又称受词，是一个动作的接受者。

(1)由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。如：

He travelled in space for the first time .(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?) / The pizza has gone bad. (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。) /

(2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成：[情态动词]+[时态助动词](现在完成时)+[语态助动词](如被动语态)+[主要动词](不一定全部出现)。(见动词的时态和语态构成表)　记住：谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词。如：

I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. (对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样。) / He can’t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (该采取措施防止禽流感蔓延。)

(3)谓语动词切忌用“行为动词1 + 原形动词”、“be + 原形动词”。

记住使用下列正确形式：

①情态动词+原形动词。如：You’d better go over the lesson.(你最好复习这一课。)

②shall/ will/ would+原形动词。如：They should have been there once.(他们应该去过那儿。)

③be+现在分词或者过去分词。如：What are you doing this evening?(今晚你打算做什么?)---表示一般将来时/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐。)

④have+过去分词。如：Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(意思同上)

⑤一般时问句和否定句中：do/does/did+原形动词。如：He does not enjoy himself very much.(他日子过的不好。)/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?(你们当中有谁见过恐龙蛋吗?)

⑥行为动词1+行为动词2 (不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词等形式)。如：He made up his mind to be a vet.(他拿定主意要做个兽医。)/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.(自尊自爱是享受生活的根本。)/ They wake up the other family members, calling,“Merry Christmas!”(他们叫醒家庭的其他成员,呼喊着：圣诞快乐!)/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.(古代的埃及国王让人给他们自己修建坚固的坟墓。)