2018年 6月英语四级听力长对话4大设题点

1. 开头处设题

如果将长对话比作一场战争，那么开头处历来是兵家必争之地，并且长对话开头部分一般会涉及全文主旨。

例1：What is the purpose of Doctor Jarvis Bastian's experiment?

A) To test how responsive dolphins are to various signals.

B) To examine how long it takes dolphins to acquire a skill.

C) To find out if the female dolphin is cleverer than the male one.

D) To see if dolphins can learn to communicate with each other.

原文: W: One of the most interesting experiments with dolphins must be one done by Doctor Jarvis Bastian. What he tried to do was to teach a male dolphin called Bass and a female called Doris to communicate with each other across a solid barrier.

答案：D)。对话开头女士指出，Jarvis Bastian博士所做试验的目的就是训练雄海豚Bass和雌海豚Doris隔着固体障碍物进行交流，故D)为答案。

2. 信息集中处设题

谈话双方交谈最热烈的地方往往也是设题的热点所在，并且因为其信息较集中，往往会多次设题。因此要注意除了做好听音前的预览选项、听音时的适当笔记外，还需要对整个对话有较好的把握，在细节信息集中的地方认真聆听。

例2：What were the dolphins supposed to do when they saw the steady light?

A) Press the right-hand lever first. C) Raise their heads above the water.

B) Produce the appropriate sound. D) Swim straight into the same tank.

原文：W: Well, first of all, he kept the two dolphins together in the same tank and taught them to press levers whenever they saw a light. The levers were fitted to the side of the tank next to each other. If the light flashed on and off several times, the dolphins were supposed to press the left-hand lever followed by the right-hand one. If the light was kept steady, the dolphins were supposed to press the levers in reverse order. Whenever they responded correctly, they were rewarded with fish.

答案：A)。对话中女士指出，如果出现灯闪，海豚会先按左边的杠杆，然后按右边的杠杆;如果灯持续亮着，则是相反的顺序，即先右后左，故A)为答案。

3. 对整个对话的理解设题

主要考查对长对话的整体理解。通常提问谈话人主要交谈了什么内容，或某一方的观点、态度或行动。这类题的解题依据主要有四点：一是根据对话的开头判断该对话的主要内容;二是根据对话的结尾判断对话的主题;三是根据对话中多次出现的主要信息做合理的判断;四是通过预览选项进行合理的推理排除。

例3：How did the second stage of the experiment differ from the first stage?

A) Both dolphins were put in the same tank. C) Only one dolphin was able to see the light.

B) The male dolphin received more rewards. D) The lever was beyond the dolphins' reach.

原文：W: Well, that was the first stage. In the second stage, Doctor Bastian separated the dolphins into two tanks. They could still hear one another, but they couldn't actually see each other. The levers and light were set up in exactly the same way except that this time it was only Doris who could see the light indicating which lever to press first. But in order to get their fish, both dolphins had to press the levers in the correct order. This meant of course that Doris had to tell Bass whether it was a flashing light or whether it was a steady light.

答案：C)。对话中女士提出，在试验的第二阶段，两只海豚被分别放在不同的水箱里，灯光和杠杆保持不变，但只有Doris能够看到灯光指示信号，故C)为答案。

4. 结尾处设题

同对话开头处一样，结尾处也是设题的关键点。结尾处经常出现某一方的观点、态度或将来的行动计划，因此结尾处也是经常出现的设题点。