翻译资格考试高级口译练习题：李克强在达沃斯论坛上的致辞

　　Address at the Opening Ceremony of the Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2018

　　中华人民共和国国务院总理 李克强

　　H.E. Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China

　　2018年9月19日，天津

　　Tianjin, 19 September 2018

　　尊敬的施瓦布主席先生，

　　尊敬的各位元首、政府首脑，

　　尊敬的各位贵宾，

　　女士们，先生们：

　　Professor Klaus Schwab,

　　Your Excellencies Heads of State and Government,

　　Distinguished Guests,

　　Ladies and Gentlemen,

　　很高兴与大家在天津再次相聚。首先，我谨代表中国政府，对第十二届夏季达沃斯论坛的召开，表示热烈祝贺!对远道而来的各位嘉宾，表示诚挚欢迎!

　　It is a great pleasure to join you again in Tianjin. Let me begin by extending, on behalf of the Chinese government, warm congratulations on the opening of the Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2018, and a sincere welcome to all guests from afar.

　　夏季达沃斯论坛成立以来的这些年，正是各方应对国际金融危机、推动世界经济复苏的时期。作为新领军者年会，论坛积极探寻世界经济增长和变革的新路径、新动能，提出了很多前瞻性的真知灼见。令人欣慰的是，在历经艰难曲折之后，世界经济出现整体复苏态势。其中一个重要原因是，新一轮产业革命孕育兴起，全球创新活力竞相迸发，为世界经济发展注入了新动能。然而，当前国际环境中不稳定不确定因素明显增多，逆全球化倾向抬头，怎样继续壮大新动能、促进世界经济持续稳定增长，是各方普遍关心的问题。本届论坛以“在第四次工业革命中打造创新型社会”为主题，具有很强的针对性。

　　Since its inception years ago, the Summer Davos Forum has borne witness to the efforts by various countries to tackle the global financial crisis and bring about global recovery. As a gathering of new champions in the business community, the Forum has contributed forward-looking insights to the quest for new pathways and engines for global growth and transformation.

　　It is encouraging to note the collective global recovery that has emerged following a tortuous journey. This recovery is, to a large measure, driven by the new round of industrial revolution and a new boom in innovation, which has lent fresh impetus to global economic development. That said, our world is faced with rising uncertainties and destabilizing factors, and a growing backlash against globalization. How to boost the new drivers to secure sustained growth of the global economy is a key area of concern for all of us. In this context, the theme of this Annual Meeting, “Shaping Innovative Societies in the Fourth Industrial Revolution”, cannot be more relevant.

　　习近平主席在去年初的世界经济论坛年会主旨演讲中，深刻阐述了中国坚定不移推进经济全球化、维护自由贸易、促进创新驱动等主张。今年是中国改革开放40周年，我们以此为契机，推出了一系列深化改革、扩大开放、推动创新的重大举措。这些是中国自身发展的需要，也是为推动世界经济增长作出的积极努力。

　　In his keynote speech at the World Economic Forum early last year, President Xi Jinping stated China’s firm commitment to economic globalization, free trade and innovation-driven development. As we mark the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up in China this year, we have introduced a host of major steps to deepen reform, expand opening-up and advance innovation, aiming to promote both China’s own development and global growth.

　　在新产业革命中壮大世界经济发展新动能，就要坚定维护经济全球化。新产业革命是在经济全球化条件下产生的，正是全球化带来的贸易和投资自由化、生产和创新要素流动便利化，打造了全球密不可分的产业链、创新链、价值链，推动了新产业革命以前所未有的速度、广度、深度向前发展，形成新技术新产业多点突破、集群发展、爆发增长的态势。在这个进程中，各国经济不同程度融入其中，彼此相互依存、共生共荣。比如，中国货物出口的40%、高技术产品出口的三分之二是在华外资企业实现的。以规则为基础的多边贸易体制，是经济全球化和自由贸易的基石，是实现互利共赢的重要保障，其权威和效力应得到尊重和维护。现行世贸组织的某些规则确有不完善之处，大家可以坐下来平等商量怎么办，但自由贸易等基本原则必须坚持，各方利益关切应得到充分照顾、努力寻求最大公约数。用单边主义的做法是解决不了问题的。在新产业革命中，没有谁能包打天下。各方应优势互补，共育创新、共推创新、共享创新，在严格保护知识产权的基础上，支持企业基于市场原则和商业规则开展创新合作，协力加速新产业革命进程。

　　To boost the new drivers of global growth, we need to firmly uphold economic globalization, which has provided fertile ground for the new industrial revolution. The liberalization of trade and investment and the free flow of factors of production and innovation that accompanied economic globalization have fostered highly interconnected global industrial, innovation and value chains, and enabled the expansion of the new industrial revolution at a speed, scale and depth unseen before. New technologies and new industries emerged in clusters and grew exponentially, making breakthroughs across a wide range of sectors. Economies around the world got involved in this process to varying degrees, with deepening interconnectedness and interdependence. One case in point is the fact that 40% of China’s exports in goods and two thirds of its high-tech exports came from foreign-invested enterprises in China.

　　The rules-based multilateral trading system is the bedrock of economic globalization and free trade, and provides important safeguards for win-win outcomes. The authority and efficacy of the system should be respected and protected. Some WTO rules do need to be improved. The right approach is for all to sit down as equals to find solutions. Throughout this process, the fundamental principles of free trade should be upheld, the interests and concerns of all parties be accommodated, and the broadest possible consensus on reform be built up. Taking a unilateralist approach will not solve any problems. As no one can thrive on his own in the new industrial revolution, we must draw on each other’s comparative strengths and act together to nurture and promote innovation for shared benefits. Governments need to support businesses in collaborating on innovation in line with market principles and commercial rules, while fully protecting their intellectual property rights. Greater government-business synergy will facilitate the new industrial revolution.

　　在新产业革命中壮大世界经济发展新动能，就要增强发展的包容性。与以往产业革命相比，新产业革命具有网络化、平台化、泛在化等特点，降低了准入门槛，为人人参与、人人发展提供了更加平等可及的机会。无论是在城市还是在乡村，每个人都可以借助互联网，更加便利地创业创新创富。我们看到，围绕智能手机的开发应用，衍生出庞大的产业集群，很重要的原因就是千千万万人在开放的平台上，提供了海量的技术解决方案和产业应用方案。把更多的可能变为现实，关键是要营造良好的环境。要健全权利公平、机会公平、规则公平的制度安排，打造平衡普惠的发展模式，发展面向人人的教育，加强对弱势群体的扶持，实现惠及面更广、包容性更强的发展。

　　To boost the new drivers of global growth in the new industrial revolution, we need to make development more inclusive. Different from previous industrial revolutions, the new round of industrial revolution is enabled by online platforms in a ubiquitously networked environment. Lower thresholds of entry have presented all with an equal and accessible opportunity to participate and benefit. Empowered by the Internet, anyone, no matter in urban or rural areas, can easily start his own business, make innovations and create wealth. As we can see, the development of smart phone applications has spawned massive industrial clusters, as tens of thousands of people upload their technical solutions and industrial application proposals onto open platforms. To turn possibilities into reality, an enabling environment is indispensable. It is imperative to enhance institutional arrangements for equal rights, equal opportunities and fair rules, follow a balanced and inclusive development approach, make education universal, and better support the vulnerable groups so as to achieve more inclusive development that benefits all.

　　在新产业革命中壮大世界经济发展新动能，就要力促融通创新和发展。新产业革命孕育着无限的希望，自然科学、社会科学、人文艺术等从来没有像今天这样可以深度交织，不同行业、不同企业、不同人群从来没有像今天这样可以深度借力。人工智能集合涵盖了数学算法、仿生科学、传感技术、伦理道德等诸多领域。电子商务也是融通创新和发展的典型，大企业搭建交易平台，中小微企业和商户入驻，对接供给需求两端，联接制造商贸两头，创造了大量新业态、新模式、新就业。我们要顺势而为，推进“互联网+”广泛应用，消除制约要素优化组合的障碍，搭建更多跨领域、跨主体的创新平台，为新动能壮大打开更广空间。

　　To boost the new drivers of global growth in the new industrial revolution, we need to pursue integrated innovation and development. The new industrial revolution holds out infinite promise. Today, natural sciences, social sciences and liberal arts are deeply entwined as never before. And different sectors, enterprises and communities can leverage each other’s strengths like never before. Artificial intelligence cuts across an array of disciplines such as algorithm, bionics, sensor technology, and ethics.

　　E-commerce is another example of integrated innovation and development. Transaction platforms, which are set up by big companies and joined by micro, small and medium-sized enterprises as well as individual business owners, have created conditions for the direct matching of supply and demand, production and sales, resulting in a large number of new forms of business, new models and new jobs. We must seize this momentum to promote wider application of the Internet Plus model, clear the hindrance to optimized allocation of production factors, and establish more inter-disciplinary, multi-stakeholder innovation platforms to open up broader space for the development of the new growth drivers.

　　女士们、先生们!

　　Ladies and Gentlemen,

　　中国在培育壮大经济发展新动能方面进行了积极探索。过去几年，面对世界经济低迷和国内经济下行压力，中国坚持不搞“大水漫灌”式强刺激，而是深入贯彻新发展理念，锐意改革创新，紧紧抓住新产业革命机遇，充分发挥人力人才资源、市场规模等优势，着力培育壮大新动能，推动新旧动能加快接续转换。经过努力，新动能成长取得了超出预期的成效，对稳定经济增长、调整经济结构、扩大社会就业发挥了关键支撑作用。

　　China has made vigorous efforts to nurture new growth drivers. Facing a weak global economy and downward pressure on the Chinese economy in the past several years, China, instead of resorting to massive stimulus, stayed the course of reform and innovation guided by the new development philosophy. Seizing the opportunity of the new industrial revolution and harnessing our advantages in human resources and market potential, we have focused on enhancing the new growth drivers and accelerating the shift from traditional drivers of growth to new ones. Our endeavors have produced better-than-expected results: the new drivers have played a key role in sustaining growth, adjusting the economic structure and expanding employment.

　　我们大力推进简政减税减费，极大激发了市场活力。针对企业投资经营和群众创业办事门槛多、手续繁、成本高等问题，我们大幅削减各类行政审批事项，改革商事制度，率先大幅减税降费，特别是分步骤全面推开营改增，有效降低了制度性交易成本和企业生产经营成本，促进了营商环境优化和企业提质增效。过去五年，中国各类市场主体增加近80%，目前已超过1亿户，新增市场主体活跃度保持在70%左右。这不仅促进了新动能加快成长，而且创造了大量就业岗位，城镇每年新增就业超过1300万人。有就业就有收入，就能带来新的消费和投资，从而推动经济发展良性循环。

　　We have made vigorous efforts to streamline administration and cut taxes and fees, unlocking market vitality. Our businesses and the general public often encounter red tape and high cost in their investment and operations and in starting a business and accessing government services. To address these issues, we have substantially reduced the number of items requiring administrative approval, reformed the business system, and taken the initiative to slash taxes and fees. In particular, we rolled out a nationwide program of replacing business tax with VAT in a phased manner, which has lowered institutional transaction costs and production and operation costs. The VAT reform has also improved China’s business environment and enhanced the quality and performance of Chinese companies.

　　In the past five years, the number of market entities in China has surged by nearly 80% to more than 100 million, and around 70% of new market entities are in active operation. This has not only accelerated the development of new drivers but also given a strong boost to employment. We are now seeing more than 13 million new urban jobs created each year in China. Employment generates income, which produces new consumption and investment, thus fostering a healthy cycle of economic development.

　　我们实行包容审慎监管，促进了新兴产业蓬勃发展。新产业、新业态、新模式等是新动能的希望。这些新生事物未知大于已知，在不少方面与传统产业有很大不同甚至完全不同，监管不能削足适履、简单套用老办法。为此，我们确立了包容审慎的监管方式。所谓包容，就是新业态新模式只要不违反法律法规、不触及安全底线、不损害公众利益，就本着鼓励创新原则，为其成长留下足够空间。所谓审慎，就是对新业态新模式看不准的时候，不要一上来就管死，而是给它一个“观察期”，在出台监管措施时认真研究论证，既防止其不良行为，又引导其健康规范发展;对有些潜在风险很大、有可能造成严重不良后果的，就果断采取措施，这也适用于已有业态的监管;对谋财害命、坑蒙拐骗、假冒伪劣、侵犯知识产权的，不管是新业态还是传统业态，不管是线上还是线下，都坚决依法予以打击。正是由于这样的监管，网上购物、移动支付、共享经济等新兴产业迅速崛起，成为中国经济发展新动能蓬勃成长的显著标志。

　　We have adopted a prudent yet accommodative approach to regulation, contributing to a boom in emerging industries. New industries, new forms of business and new models create new driving forces. In the beginning we may only have limited knowledge of the workings of emerging industries, which can be vastly or even completely different from traditional ones. Therefore, mechanically following old regulatory methods will not work, just like one shouldn’t cut the toes to fit new shoes. Instead, we have established a prudent yet accommodative regulatory approach.

　　Our approach is this: as long as new forms of business and new models do not go against laws or regulations, cross the line of security or damage public interests, we will take an accommodative attitude toward their innovations by leaving sufficient space for their development. If we are not immediately certain about the prospect of these new forms of business and new models, we will allow time to prudently observe their performances instead of imposing a regulatory straitjacket right away.

　　Any regulatory measures to be taken will be carefully assessed to make sure that they serve the purpose of both deterring malpractices and guiding the sound and orderly development of new forms of business. For those businesses that may entail huge risks or serious social consequences, we will make sure that these risks are dealt with resolutely. This also applies to the regulation of existing forms of business. For those malpractices that involve seeking illegal gains, putting lives and property in danger, cheating and swindling, making or selling fake or substandard goods, and infringing on IPRs, we will mete out serious punishment in accordance with the law, no matter whether they emanate from emerging or traditional businesses, or are conducted online or offline. This regulatory approach has facilitated the rapid rise of emerging industries, such as online shopping, mobile payment and the sharing economy, which have become a hallmark of the thriving new drivers of the Chinese economy.

　　我们鼓励大众创业万众创新，有效释放了社会创造力。中国有近9亿劳动者，受过高等教育或具有各类专业技能的有1.7亿多人，每年还有大学毕业生800多万人、中专毕业生近500万人，他们之中蕴藏着巨大的创造潜能。我们健全制度安排，制定支持政策，培育良好的创业创新生态。完善创业创新服务体系，鼓励大学生、返乡农民工等创业，以创业带动就业。改革科技管理体制，赋予科研人员更多成果所有权和收益权。发挥企业创新主体作用，对企业增加研发投入实行普惠性支持政策。打造开放共享的创新平台，推动大中小企业、科研院所、高校和创客融通创新，提高创新效率、缩短创新进程。过去五年，中国有效发明专利拥有量增加了2倍，年度技术交易额翻了一番。前不久，世界知识产权组织等机构发布2018年全球创新指数排名，中国列第17位，较2013年上升了18位。

　　We have encouraged mass entrepreneurship and innovation, inspiring immense social creativity. China has a workforce of nearly 900 million, among which 170 million have received higher education or training in professional skills. Every year we produce over eight million university graduates and over five million graduates from secondary vocational schools. To tap their vast creative potential, we have made institutional improvements, adopted supportive policies, and fostered an enabling ecosystem for entrepreneurship and innovation. We have strengthened services to encourage university students and returnee migrant workers to start their own businesses as a way to meet their job needs. We have reformed the science and technology management system and expanded the right of researchers to own and benefit from their scientific and technological achievements.

　　We have sought to exert the primary role of companies in innovation and adopted policy incentives for all companies that increase R&D input. We have built open and sharing platforms to promote collaborative innovation by large, medium and small companies, research institutes, universities and makers, making innovation more efficient and faster. In the past five years, the number of in-force Chinese invention patents has tripled, and the annual volume of technology transactions doubled. The Global Innovation Index 2018 recently published by the World Intellectual Property Organization and other institutions puts China at the 17th place globally, 18 places higher than in 2013.

　　木欣欣以向荣，泉涓涓而始流。中国聚众智、汇众力，成为全球创业创新的热土，新动能正在撑起经济发展的新天地。高技术产业、先进制造业领跑工业发展，服务业新业态新模式层出不穷，产业结构升级步入快车道。网上零售额年均增长30%以上，信息消费、绿色消费等新兴消费快速增长，消费对经济增长贡献率超过60%。目前，中国的经济结构和增长格局已经发生重大转变，新动能对经济增长的贡献率超过三分之一、对城镇新增就业的贡献率超过三分之二，这为经济持续健康发展奠定了坚实基础。

　　As an ancient Chinese poem reads, verdant trees and gurgling springs herald a vibrant season. Likewise, the growing ranks of entrepreneurs and innovators are making China a magnet for innovation and business ventures and creating new horizons for economic development powered by new drivers. High-tech industries and advanced manufacturing are spearheading China’s industrial development, new forms and models of services keep emerging, and the industrial structure is upgrading at a faster pace. Online sales have increased by more than 30% annually, and new forms of consumption, such as information and green consumption, have seen rapid growth, raising the share of consumption in economic growth to over 60%. China’s economic structure and growth pattern has also seen a major shift, with new drivers contributing more than one third to economic growth and two thirds to new urban jobs, which lays a solid foundation for sustained and sound economic growth.