翻译资格考试高级口译练习题：共建创新包容的开放型世界经济

　　Work Together for an Open Global Economy That Is Innovative and Inclusive

　　——在首届中国国际进口博览会开幕式上的主旨演讲

　　– Keynote Speech at the Opening Ceremony of the First China International Import Expo

　　中华人民共和国主席　习近平

　　H.E. Xi Jinping, President of the People’s Republic of China

　　2018年11月5日，上海

　　Shanghai, 5 November 2018

　　尊敬的各位国家元首、政府首脑、王室代表，

　　尊敬的各位国际组织负责人，

　　尊敬的各代表团团长，

　　各位来宾，

　　女士们，先生们，朋友们：

　　Your Excellencies Heads of State and Government,

　　Your Royal Highness,

　　Your Excellencies Heads of International Organizations,

　　Your Excellencies Heads of Delegations,

　　Distinguished Guests,

　　Ladies and Gentlemen,

　　Friends,

　　2017年5月，我宣布中国将从2018年起举办中国国际进口博览会。经过一年多筹备，在各方大力支持下，现在，首届中国国际进口博览会正式开幕了!

　　In May 2017, I announced China’s decision to hold the China International Import Expo (CIIE) starting from 2018. Today, after more than one year of preparations and with the strong support from various parties, the first CIIE is officially opened.

　　首先，我谨代表中国政府和中国人民，并以我个人的名义，对各位嘉宾的到来，表示热烈的欢迎!对来自五大洲的各方朋友，致以诚挚的问候和良好的祝愿!

　　At the outset, I wish to express, on behalf of the Chinese government and people and also in my own name, warm welcome, sincere greetings and best wishes to you all.

　　中国国际进口博览会，是迄今为止世界上第一个以进口为主题的国家级展会，是国际贸易发展史上一大创举。举办中国国际进口博览会，是中国着眼于推动新一轮高水平对外开放作出的重大决策，是中国主动向世界开放市场的重大举措。这体现了中国支持多边贸易体制、推动发展自由贸易的一贯立场，是中国推动建设开放型世界经济、支持经济全球化的实际行动。

　　The CIIE is the world’s first import expo held at the national level, an innovation in the history of global trade. It is an important decision made by China to pursue a new round of high-level opening-up, and is China’s major initiative to still widen market access to the rest of the world. It demonstrates China’s consistent position of supporting the multilateral trading system and promoting free trade. It is a concrete action by China to advance an open world economy and support economic globalization.

　　这届进口博览会以“新时代，共享未来”为主题，就是要欢迎各国朋友，把握新时代中国发展机遇，深化国际经贸合作，实现共同繁荣进步。共有172个国家、地区和国际组织参会，3600多家企业参展，展览总面积达30万平方米，超过40万名境内外采购商到会洽谈采购。

　　Under the theme of “New Era, Shared Future”, the CIIE will help friends from around the world to seize opportunities presented by China’s development in the new era and offer a platform for us to deepen international business cooperation for shared prosperity and progress. Attending the event are 172 countries, regions and international organizations, more than 3,600 companies with a total exhibition area of 300,000 square meters, and more than 400,000 Chinese and foreign buyers who are here to explore business deals.

　　我衷心希望，参会参展的各国朋友都能广结良缘、满载而归!

　　I wish all friends participating in this Expo a most pleasant and rewarding experience.

　　女士们、先生们、朋友们!

　　Ladies and Gentlemen,

　　Friends,

　　当今世界正在经历新一轮大发展大变革大调整，各国经济社会发展联系日益密切，全球治理体系和国际秩序变革加速推进。同时，世界经济深刻调整，保护主义、单边主义抬头，经济全球化遭遇波折，多边主义和自由贸易体制受到冲击，不稳定不确定因素依然很多，风险挑战加剧。这就需要我们从纷繁复杂的局势中把握规律、认清大势，坚定开放合作信心，共同应对风险挑战。

　　The world is going through a new round of major development, transformation and adjustment. The economic and social well-being of countries in the world is increasingly interconnected. The reform of the global governance system and the international order is picking up speed. On the other hand, the world economy is going through profound adjustment, and protectionism and unilateralism are resurging. Economic globalization faces headwinds, and multilateralism and the system of free trade are under threat. Uncertainties and instabilities still abound, and risks and challenges are growing. Living in such a complex world, we need to see the underlining trend, bolster confidence in our future through opening-up and cooperation and work together to cope with risks and challenges.

　　世界上的有识之士都认识到，经济全球化是不可逆转的历史大势，为世界经济发展提供了强劲动力。说其是历史大势，就是其发展是不依人的意志为转移的。人类可以认识、顺应、运用历史规律，但无法阻止历史规律发生作用。历史大势必将浩荡前行。

　　People with vision in the world would agree that economic globalization, as an irreversible trend of history, has greatly boosted global growth. This is an overarching trend, something that is independent of people’s will. What we mankind can do is to understand, adapt to, and apply the law of history instead of trying to prevent it from happening. The wheel of history, indeed, will keep rolling forward no matter what.

　　回顾历史，开放合作是增强国际经贸活力的重要动力。立足当今，开放合作是推动世界经济稳定复苏的现实要求。放眼未来，开放合作是促进人类社会不断进步的时代要求。

　　History tells us that openness and cooperation are a major driving force behind dynamic international economic and trade activities. The current situation calls for openness and cooperation to foster steady global recovery. Looking ahead, openness and cooperation will remain essential for continued human progress.

　　大道至简，实干为要。面对世界经济格局的深刻变化，为了共同建设一个更加美好的世界，各国都应该拿出更大勇气，积极推动开放合作，实现共同发展。

　　A great vision, simple and pure, requires credible actions. Given the profound shifts in the international economic landscape, the vision for a better world for all calls on countries to act with greater courage and actively champion openness and cooperation in order to secure shared development.

　　——各国应该坚持开放融通，拓展互利合作空间。开放带来进步，封闭必然落后。国际贸易和投资等经贸往来，植根于各国优势互补、互通有无的需要。纵观国际经贸发展史，深刻验证了“相通则共进，相闭则各退”的规律。各国削减壁垒、扩大开放，国际经贸就能打通血脉;如果以邻为壑、孤立封闭，国际经贸就会气滞血瘀，世界经济也难以健康发展。各国应该坚持开放的政策取向，旗帜鲜明反对保护主义、单边主义，提升多边和双边开放水平，推动各国经济联动融通，共同建设开放型世界经济。各国应该加强宏观经济政策协调，减少负面外溢效应，合力促进世界经济增长。各国应该推动构建公正、合理、透明的国际经贸规则体系，推进贸易和投资自由化便利化，促进全球经济进一步开放、交流、融合。

　　– It is important for all countries to open wider and expand the space for mutually beneficial cooperation. Openness brings progress while seclusion leads to backwardness. Global trade and investment are driven by the need of countries for mutual exchange and complementarity. The history of economic cooperation and international trade testifies to the law that “economies make progress through exchange and inter-connectivity and fall behind because of seclusion and closedness”. Efforts to reduce tariff barriers and open wider will lead to inter-connectivity in economic cooperation and global trade, while the practices of beggaring thy neighbor, isolation and seclusion will only result in trade stagnation and an unhealthy world economy. Countries need to pursue an open policy, explicitly oppose protectionism and unilateralism, and strive to enhance the level of opening-up at both multilateral and bilateral levels, so that we could make our economies interconnected and build an open world economy. We need to improve macroeconomic coordination and reduce the negative spillovers of national policies to jointly promote global economic growth. We need to establish a set of global economic and trade rules that is fair, reasonable and transparent, and promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation to make the global economy more open through greater exchanges and integration.

　　——各国应该坚持创新引领，加快新旧动能转换。创新是第一动力。只有敢于创新、勇于变革，才能突破世界经济发展瓶颈。世界经济刚刚走出国际金融危机阴影，回升态势尚不稳固，迫切需要各国共同推动科技创新、培育新的增长点。造福人类是科技创新最强大的动力。在休戚与共的地球村，共享创新成果，是国际社会的一致呼声和现实选择。各国应该把握新一轮科技革命和产业变革带来的机遇，加强数字经济、人工智能、纳米技术等前沿领域合作，共同打造新技术、新产业、新业态、新模式。

　　– It is important for all countries to pursue innovative growth and speed up the transformation of growth drivers. Innovation is the premier engine for development. Only with bold innovation and reform can we break the bottlenecks in global growth. The world economy has just emerged from the shadow of the international financial crisis and recovery is still unstable. There is an urgent need for concerted efforts of countries in the world to promote scientific innovation and foster new growth drivers. The well-being of humanity is the biggest driving force for scientific innovation. In our inter-connected global village, to share the fruit of innovation is the common aspiration and natural choice of the world community. We need to seize the opportunities presented by the new round of technological and industrial revolution, strengthen cooperation in frontier sectors such as digital economy, artificial intelligence and nanotechnology, and work together to foster new technologies, new industries, and new forms and models of business.

　　——各国应该坚持包容普惠，推动各国共同发展。“一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。”追求幸福生活是各国人民共同愿望。人类社会要持续进步，各国就应该坚持要开放不要封闭，要合作不要对抗，要共赢不要独占。在经济全球化深入发展的今天，弱肉强食、赢者通吃是一条越走越窄的死胡同，包容普惠、互利共赢才是越走越宽的人间正道。各国应该超越差异和分歧，发挥各自优势，推动包容发展，携手应对全人类共同面临的风险和挑战，落实2030年可持续发展议程，减少全球发展不平衡，推动经济全球化朝着更加开放、包容、普惠、平衡、共赢的方向发展，让各国人民共享经济全球化和世界经济增长成果。

　　– It is important for all countries to pursue inclusive development for the benefit of all. As a Chinese saying goes, “All flowers in full blossom make a beautiful spring.” To lead a happy life is the common aspiration of people all over the world. Progress of the human society requires continued efforts of all countries to advance opening-up, cooperation and win-win development, instead of seclusion, confrontation and monopoly. In a world of deepening economic globalization, practices of the law of the jungle and winner-takes-all only represent a dead end. Inclusive growth for all is surely the right way forward. Countries need to rise above differences and leverage their respective strengths to pursue inclusive growth in the face of common risks and challenges. We need to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, reduce the imbalances in global development, and make economic globalization more open, inclusive, balanced and beneficial for all. This way, people of all countries will be able to share in the benefits of economic globalization and global growth.

　　女士们、先生们、朋友们!

　　Ladies and Gentlemen,

　　Friends,

　　改革开放40年来，中国人民自力更生、发愤图强、砥砺前行，依靠自己的辛勤和汗水书写了国家和民族发展的壮丽史诗。同时，中国坚持打开国门搞建设，实现了从封闭半封闭到全方位开放的伟大历史转折。开放已经成为当代中国的鲜明标识。中国不断扩大对外开放，不仅发展了自己，也造福了世界。

　　The last four decades of reform and opening-up in China has been an epic journey for the Chinese people. With determination and through self-reliance and hard work, we have forged ahead on the road to national development and progress. China has pursued development with its door open and succeeded in transforming a closed and semi-closed economy into a fully open economy. Openness has become a trademark of China. China has grown by embracing the world, and the world has also benefited from China’s opening-up.

　　今年4月，我在博鳌亚洲论坛年会开幕式上说过，过去40年中国经济发展是在开放条件下取得的，未来中国经济实现高质量发展也必须在更加开放的条件下进行。我多次强调，中国开放的大门不会关闭，只会越开越大。中国推动更高水平开放的脚步不会停滞!中国推动建设开放型世界经济的脚步不会停滞!中国推动构建人类命运共同体的脚步不会停滞!

　　As I explained at the Boao Forum for Asia in April, China’s economic growth over the past 40 years has been achieved with a commitment to opening-up. In the same vein, high-quality development of China’s economy in the future can only be guaranteed with greater openness. I have made it clear once and again that China’s door will never be closed. It will only open still wider. China will not stop its effort to pursue higher-quality opening-up! China will not stop its effort to pursue an open world economy! And China will not stop its effort to pursue a community with a shared future for mankind!

　　中国将坚定不移奉行互利共赢的开放战略，实行高水平的贸易和投资自由化便利化政策，推动形成陆海内外联动、东西双向互济的开放格局。中国将始终是全球共同开放的重要推动者，中国将始终是世界经济增长的稳定动力源，中国将始终是各国拓展商机的活力大市场，中国将始终是全球治理改革的积极贡献者!

　　China will unswervingly follow a win-win strategy of opening-up, adopt high-quality policies to advance trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, and move toward nationwide opening-up that coordinates the coastal and inland areas and connects the eastern and western regions. China will remain a strong advocate of openness at the global level, and will continue to act as a stable engine of global growth, a big market with enormous opportunities and an active supporter of global governance reform.

　　为进一步扩大开放，中国将在以下几方面加大推进力度。

　　To broaden its opening-up, China will step up efforts in the following aspects:

　　第一，激发进口潜力。中国主动扩大进口，不是权宜之计，而是面向世界、面向未来、促进共同发展的长远考量。中国将顺应国内消费升级趋势，采取更加积极有效的政策措施，促进居民收入增加、消费能力增强，培育中高端消费新增长点，持续释放国内市场潜力，扩大进口空间。中国将进一步降低关税，提升通关便利化水平，削减进口环节制度性成本，加快跨境电子商务等新业态新模式发展。中国有13亿多人口的大市场，中国真诚向各国开放市场，中国国际进口博览会不仅要年年办下去，而且要办出水平、办出成效、越办越好。

　　First, we will stimulate the potential for increased imports. China’s initiative to expand imports is not a choice of expediency. It is a future-oriented step taken to embrace the world and promote common development. To meet the trend of consumption upgrading, we will take more proactive measures to increase people’s income and spending power, foster new growth areas of medium-high-end consumption, continue to unleash the potential of the domestic market and expand the scope for imports. We will take further steps to lower tariffs, facilitate customs clearance, reduce institutional costs in import, and step up cross-border e-commerce and other new forms and models of business. China has a big market of over 1.3 billion people, and it is our sincere commitment to open the Chinese market. The CIIE, an event to be held on an annual basis, will feature good performance, good results and continued success in the years to come.

　　第二，持续放宽市场准入。4月份我宣布的放宽市场准入各项举措，目前已基本落地。中国已经进一步精简了外商投资准入负面清单，减少投资限制，提升投资自由化水平。中国正在稳步扩大金融业开放，持续推进服务业开放，深化农业、采矿业、制造业开放，加快电信、教育、医疗、文化等领域开放进程，特别是外国投资者关注、国内市场缺口较大的教育、医疗等领域也将放宽外资股比限制。预计未来15年，中国进口商品和服务将分别超过30万亿美元和10万亿美元。

　　Second, we will continue to broaden market access. The market access measures I announced in April have been basically put in place. China has shortened the negative list on foreign investment to reduce investment restrictions and promote investment liberalization. We are steadily increasing the openness of the financial sector, continuing to open up the service sector, and working toward greater openness in the agricultural, mining and manufacturing sectors. We are accelerating opening in such areas as telecommunications, education, medical service and culture. In particular, the foreign equity caps are going to be raised in the education and medical service sectors, where there is both huge interest among foreign investors and shortage in domestic supply. In the coming 15 years, China’s import of goods and services are expected to exceed US$30 trillion and US$10 trillion respectively.

　　第三，营造国际一流营商环境。中国将加快出台外商投资法规，完善公开、透明的涉外法律体系，全面深入实施准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理制度。中国将尊重国际营商惯例，对在中国境内注册的各类企业一视同仁、平等对待。中国将保护外资企业合法权益，坚决依法惩处侵犯外商合法权益特别是侵犯知识产权行为，提高知识产权审查质量和审查效率，引入惩罚性赔偿制度，显著提高违法成本。营商环境只有更好，没有最好。各国都应该努力改进自己的营商环境，解决自身存在的问题，不能总是粉饰自己、指责他人，不能像手电筒那样只照他人、不照自己。

　　Third, we will foster a world-class business environment. China will introduce the law on foreign investment at a faster pace, and institute an open and transparent system of foreign-related laws. We will implement, across the board, the management system based on pre-establishment national treatment and negative list. We respect international business rules and practice, and provide equal treatment to all types of businesses registered in China. We protect the lawful rights and interests of foreign companies, and are resolute in meting out, in a law-binding manner, punishment for violations of the lawful rights and interests of foreign investors, particularly IPR infringements. We will enhance the credibility and efficiency of IP examination, and put in place a punitive compensation system to significantly raise the cost for offenders. Improvement of the business environment is an on-going process, and there is always room for things to become better. Countries need to improve their business environment by addressing their problems. They should not just point fingers at others to gloss over their own problems. They should not hold a “flashlight” in hand doing nothing but to check out on the weakness of others and not on their own.

　　第四，打造对外开放新高地。中国将支持自由贸易试验区深化改革创新，持续深化差别化探索，加大压力测试，发挥自由贸易试验区改革开放试验田作用。中国将抓紧研究提出海南分步骤、分阶段建设自由贸易港政策和制度体系，加快探索建设中国特色自由贸易港进程。这是中国扩大对外开放的重大举措，将带动形成更高层次改革开放新格局。

　　Fourth, we will explore new horizons of opening-up. China will support its pilot free trade zones (FTZ) to deepen reform and innovation, make continued explorations based on their differentiated conditions and step up stress tests, so as to give full play to their role as a pilot ground for reform and opening-up. China will be quick to put forward policies and institutions for building a free trade port in Hainan in a step-by-step and phased manner, so as to speed up exploration of the development of free trade ports with distinct Chinese features. This is a significant move by China to open wider to the world. It will set a new model and open up new prospects for reform and opening-up at a higher level.

　　第五，推动多边和双边合作深入发展。中国一贯主张，坚定维护世界贸易组织规则，支持对世界贸易组织进行必要改革，共同捍卫多边贸易体制。中国愿推动早日达成区域全面经济伙伴关系协定，加快推进中欧投资协定谈判，加快中日韩自由贸易区谈判进程。中国将认真实施2018年中非合作论坛北京峰会提出的“八大行动”。中国支持二十国集团、亚太经合组织、上海合作组织、金砖国家等机制发挥更大作用，推动全球经济治理体系朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。中国将继续推进共建“一带一路”，坚持共商共建共享，同相关国家一道推进重大项目建设，搭建更多贸易促进平台，鼓励更多有实力、信誉好的中国企业到沿线国家开展投资合作，深化生态、科技、文化、民生等各领域交流合作，为全球提供开放合作的国际平台。

　　Fifth, we will promote international cooperation at multilateral and bilateral levels. China believes that rules of the WTO should be upheld firmly, its necessary reforms should be supported and the multilateral trading system should be defended. China will strive for the early conclusion of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), and speed up negotiations on a China-EU investment agreement and a China-Japan-ROK free trade area. China will earnestly implement the eight major initiatives announced at this year’s Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC). China supports mechanisms such as the G20, APEC, the SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organization) and BRICS in playing greater roles in building a fairer and more equitable global economic governance system. China will continue to advance the Belt and Road Initiative through international cooperation in the spirit of consultation and collaboration for shared benefits. We will work with the participating countries on major projects, set up more trade promotion platforms and encourage more well-established and capable Chinese companies to invest in countries along the routes to enhance cooperation in areas of ecology, science and technology, culture and people’s livelihood. By so doing, we hope to set up for the whole world a platform for open cooperation.

　　女士们、先生们、朋友们!

　　Ladies and Gentlemen,

　　Friends,

　　当前，中国经济运行总体平稳、稳中有进。前三季度，中国国内生产总值增长6.7%，其中第三季度增长6.5%，符合预期目标。全年粮食产量可望保持在1.2万亿斤以上。城镇新增就业1107万人，提前完成全年目标。从经济增长、就业、物价、国际收支、企业利润、财政收入、劳动生产率等主要指标看，中国经济运行都处于合理区间，为实现全年目标任务打下了重要基础。同其他主要经济体相比，中国经济增长仍居世界前列。

　　The Chinese economy is now on the whole stable and making good progress. For the first three quarters of this year, China’s GDP grew by 6.7%, including a 6.5% growth registered for the third quarter, meeting our targeted goal for growth. Grain output for the whole year is projected to surpass 1.2 trillion jin (or 600 million tons). Some 11.07 million new jobs have been created in towns and cities, hitting our annual goal ahead of schedule. Judged by the main economic indexes, from GDP growth, job creation, consumer prices and international balance of payment to companies’ profit margins, government fiscal revenue and productivity, China’s economy is truly performing well within the reasonable range. This has given us a solid foundation for delivering the development goals for the whole year. And, compared with other major economies, China still ranks among the world’s top in terms of GDP growth.

　　对中国经济发展前景，大家完全可以抱着乐观态度。中国经济发展健康稳定的基本面没有改变，支撑高质量发展的生产要素条件没有改变，长期稳中向好的总体势头没有改变。中国宏观调控能力不断增强，全面深化改革不断释放发展动力。随着共建“一带一路”扎实推进，中国同“一带一路”沿线国家的投资和贸易合作加快推进。中国具有保持经济长期健康稳定发展的诸多有利条件。

　　So, when you talk about the future of the Chinese economy, you have every reason to be confident. The fundamentals for sound and stable growth of the Chinese economy remain unchanged. The necessary production factors for high-quality development remain unchanged. And the overall momentum of long-term stability and progress remains unchanged. China’s capacity for macro-economic regulation is growing, as efforts to deepen reform across the board have unleashed new drivers of growth. With the Belt and Road Initiative being further implemented, two-way investment and trade between China and the BRI partner countries have continued to gather pace. All in all, the favorable conditions are in place for the long-term, healthy and steady growth of the Chinese economy.

　　当然，任何事物都有其两面，在当前国际国内经济形势下，中国经济发展也遇到了一些突出矛盾和问题，一些领域不确定性有所上升，一些企业经营困难增多，一些领域风险挑战增大。总体看，这些都是前进中遇到的问题，我们正在采取措施积极加以解决，成效已经或正在显现出来。

　　Of course, everything has two sides. The economic situation at home and abroad has created some significant challenges for the Chinese economy, such as more uncertainty in some sectors, more difficulties for some enterprises and growing risks in certain sectors. These challenges, generally speaking, are natural in the course of development. And we are taking active steps to solve them. Our efforts are already paying off.

　　中国是世界第二大经济体，有13亿多人口的大市场，有960多万平方公里的国土，中国经济是一片大海，而不是一个小池塘。大海有风平浪静之时，也有风狂雨骤之时。没有风狂雨骤，那就不是大海了。狂风骤雨可以掀翻小池塘，但不能掀翻大海。经历了无数次狂风骤雨，大海依旧在那儿!经历了5000多年的艰难困苦，中国依旧在这儿!面向未来，中国将永远在这儿!

　　China is the world’s second largest economy. We have a market of more than 1.3 billion consumers who live on the land of over 9.6 million square kilometers. To use a metaphor, the Chinese economy is not a pond, but an ocean. The ocean may have its calm days, but big winds and storms are only to be expected. Without them, the ocean wouldn’t be what it is. Big winds and storms may upset a pond, but never an ocean. Having experienced numerous winds and storms, the ocean will still be there! It is the same for China. After going through 5,000 years of trials and tribulations, China is still here! Looking ahead, China will always be here to stay!

　　我相信，只要我们保持战略定力，全面深化改革开放，深化供给侧结构性改革，下大气力解决存在的突出矛盾和问题，中国经济就一定能加快转入高质量发展轨道，中国人民就一定能战胜前进道路上的一切困难挑战，中国就一定能迎来更加光明的发展前景。

　　I am convinced that as long as we have strategic confidence, deepen reform and opening-up across the board, intensify supply-side structural reforms and make greater efforts to solve outstanding problems, then the Chinese economy will surely make a quicker transition to high-quality development, the Chinese people will surely overcome all challenges coming our way, and China will surely embrace a brighter future of development.