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2019年6月大学英语四级重点语法知识:独立主格结构

来源: 2019-05-26 14:26

   英语四级重点语法知识:独立主格结构

  一 、独立结构的构成:
  只有当分词短语的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时,我们才能用独立结构。独立结构只用做状语,多用于书面语言。常见的独立结构有以下几种:
  (一) 名词/代词+分词(包括现在分词和过去分词):
  1 The boy ran quickly, his father following. (表示伴随情况)
  2 He lay on his back, his hands acrossed under his head. (表示伴随情况)
  (二)名词/代词+形容词:
  1、They started home, their minds full of plans for increasing production. (表示伴随情况)
  2、 He was silent for a moment, his lips tight. (表示伴随情况)
  (三)名词/代词+副词:
  1、 He put on his socks, wrong side out. (表示补充说明)
  2 、The war over, all the Chinese people’s volunteers came back to China. (表示补充说明)
  (四)名词/代词+介词(短语)
  1 、She came in, a baby in her arms. (表示伴随情况)
  2 、He went off, gun in hand. (表示伴随情况)
  二、独立结构在句子中的作用:
  独立结构在句子中只能做状语,这种结构可以用来:
  (一)表示时间:
  His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play.
  (=After his homework was done, he decided to go and see the play.)
  (二)表示原因:
  The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.
  (=Because the last bus having gone, we had to walk home. )
  (三)表示条件:
  Weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.
  (=If weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.)
  (四)表示伴随情况或伴随状况:
  They walked through the forest, an old hunter leading the way.
  (五)表示补充说明:
  He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one being a bedroom and the other being an office.
  (=He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one was a bedroom, the other was an office.)
  三、独立变格的变化
  在带有逻辑主语的分词及其短语前加”with”
  1、——Why are they taking all the equipment away?
  ——The job_____, they are packing up to leave.
  A. it to done B. did C. was did D. done
  2、Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than the man whose command of language is poor.

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