2019年6月英语四级语法用法辨析：There be句型结构及其用法

　　There be句型是一种应用十分广泛和频繁的句型。但是对there be句型的多变的特点及其特殊结构的复杂性，并不是每个考生都熟悉了解。在大学英语四六级考试题中也常常遇到这一句型结构的试题。

　　例如： Ann never dreams of _________ for her to be sent abroad very soon.(CET-4，1998.6-43)

　　A)there to be a chance

　　B)there being a chance

　　C)there be a chance

　　D)being a chance 该题的答案为B)。

　　动词 dream of 要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，更准确地讲是介词of后要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，there being a chance意为"有一个机会";A)和C)两项均不符合句子结构的要求，所以不是答案选项，而D)项 being a chance 虽然是 V-ing 分词结构，但语义不通，故不能雪?

　　又如： No one had told Smith about ____ a lecture the following day.(CET-4，2001.1-66)

　　A)there be?B)there would be C)there was?D)there being

　　该题的答案为D)。介词 about 后要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，there being(a lecture)意为"有(一个讲座)"，而A)、B)和C)项内容均不符合结构要求，故不能雪?再如：

　　It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping，singing，or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound.(CET-4，1995.1)

　　该句子中出现了for there to be 的结构，如果按照上一题的解题思路去理解：介词后要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，那么，这一结构似乎是错的;但是，实际上此结构没有错，此处只能够用 for there to be，而不能用 there being。为什么呢?这就是本文想要解答的问题：there be 句型的特殊结构及其用法。笔者将 there be 句型的几种特殊结构及其用法进行归纳、总结如下，供读者参考。

　　一、there be句型与各种情态动词连用。

　　例如： There must be something wrong here.

　　There might still be some vacant seats in the rear.

　　There ought to be something with which to fill your stocking.

　　二、there be句型中的谓语动词be被be likely to be，happen to be，seem(to be)， occur等代替，用来描写事物。例如：

　　There are likely to be more difficulties than they have been prepared for.

　　There happened to be nobody in the room.

　　There doesn't seem to be much hope of our beating that team .

　　There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape，the relative length of day and night，and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of people we are.

　　There have occurred many great changes since we met last.

　　三、there be 句型中的谓语动词be被一些不及物动词代替，如 live，stand，exist，remain等，用来表示"静止、存在、有"。例如：

　　There lives a family of five in the village.

　　There remains nothing more to be done.

　　There stands the Monument to the People's Heroes at the center of the Tian'anmen Square.

　　There exist different opinions on this question.

　　四、there be 句型中的谓语动词be被一些不及物动词代替，如 come，spring up，appear，emerge，arrive，enter，follow, 等，用来表示"突然出现"。例如：

　　There appears to be no substitute for this stuff yet.

　　There came a company of actors and actresses.

　　There followed a spirited discussion after class.