英语学习：非谓语动词十大实用解题原则

英语学习：非谓语动词十大实用解题原则 非谓语动词主要包括 to do, -ing 和-ed 三种形式，可是其用法非常广泛，它不仅是高 考单项选择题测试的一个重点，而且也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内容。 为了能更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法，笔者在教学实践中总结出十条实用的解题原则，并 且还用相关的题目来解释这些原则。根据这些原则，相信同学们可以轻松地应对非谓语动 词。 原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接，如果没有连词连接，则需要用非谓语动词 例 1. _________ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had been told 例 2．_________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it. A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had told 解析：例 1 中有连词 but 连接，表明前后都是句子，所以答案为 C。 例 2 中后面是一个句子，而且没有连词，所以前面不是句子，应该用非谓语动词，根 据句意此处为被动，所以答案为 A。 原则二、不及物动词无-ed 形式非谓语动词，及物动词有宾语时用-ing 形式，无宾语时 用-ed 形式 例 3. ____________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing 解析：lose 为及物动词，现在后面没有宾语，所以用-ed 形式，答案为 B。 例 4. __________, I really believe that I’d prefer not to make any change now. A. Considered all the possibilities B. Taking all the possibilities into consideration C. Taken all the possibilities into consideration D. Giving all the possibilities 解析：把。。。考虑进来结构为 take sth into consideration，现在 take 后面有宾语 all the possibilities，所以用-ing 形式，答案为 B。 原则三、being done 表示“正在被”，一般不作状语，只作定语。非谓语动词的完成时 形式 to have done 或 having done 强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前 例 5. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 解析：根据句意“我们没有打通电话，就给他们发了个邮件”，没有打通电话应该发生 在发邮件之前，所以用 having done，答案为 D。 例 6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _____ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all. A. to have founded B. having founded C. founding D. to found 解析：根据句意，Tim Bemers-Lee 创立万维网应该是过去的事情，而且 be considered 后面应该用动词不定式，所以应该用 to have done，答案为 A。 原则四、非谓语动词作定语时，表示将来用-to do，表正在进行用-ing，表示已经完成 用-ed 例 7. The play_____ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture． A．produced B．being produced C．to be produced D．having been produced 解析：根据本题中的时间状语 next month，可知 the play 将要于下月被创作出来，表 将来应该用 to do，所以答案为 C。 例 8.The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road. A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down 解析：根据句意“被暴风雨刮倒的树已经从路上移走了”，树被刮倒是过去已经完成的 动作，表已经完成用-ed 形式，所以答案为 B。 原则五、介词后跟-ing 形式，可以在-ing 前加逻辑主语 例 9. The discovery of new evidence led to ______________. A. the thief having been caught B. the thief to be caught C. catch the thief D. the thief being caught 解析：本题 led to 中的 to 是介词，后面应该用-ing 形式，the thief 作-ing 的逻辑主语， 所以答案为 D。 例 10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close 解析：本题 the noise of 中的 of 是介词，后面应该用-ing 形式，desks 作-ing 的逻辑主 语，所以答案为 C。 原则六、-ing 形式或 to do 可作主语或宾语，-ed 形式则不可以 例 11. ___________ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience. A. Caught B. Having caught C. Being caught D. To catch 解析：本题中 is 为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing 形式，所以答案为 C。 例 12 ___twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city. A. Examining B. Examined C. Being examined D. Having been examined 解析：本题中 is 为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing 形式，所以答案为 C。 原则七、be+-ed+介词结构常可把 be 去掉保留-ed+介词做状语 例 13Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one. A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared 解析：“和。。。相比较”结构为 be compared with，现在做句子的状语，所以只保留 非谓语动词，把动词 be 去掉，答案为 D。 例 14 _______ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing 解析：“面对”结构为 be faced with, 现在做句子的状语，所以只保留非谓语动词，把动 词 be 去掉，答案为 C。 原则八、非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成 主谓关系时用-ing 形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed 形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要 在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构 例 15． ____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog. A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten 解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语应和句子主语 the postman 一致， the postman 应该是被咬，所以答案为 B。 例 16._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked 解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语应和句子主语 he 一致, he 和 walk 应 该是主动关系，所以答案为 B。 例 17. While watching television, __________. A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 解析：根据“非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致”的原则， watching 的逻辑主语应和后面句子主语一致，所以句子主语应为“we”，答案为 C。 例 18. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 解析：本题没有连词，所以后面应用非谓语动词，the lessons 是非谓语动词的逻辑主 语，和非谓语动词构成独立主格结构。根据句意应是“被完成”，所以答案为 B。 原则九、不定式做状语一般有两种：目的状语和出乎意料的结果状语（表示顺其自然 的结果用-ing 形式）。另外，某些形容词（表喜、怒、哀、乐）做表语后跟不定式可以表 示原因 例 19．_____, you need to give all you have and try your best. A Being a winner B To be a winner C Be a winner D Having been a winner 解析：根据句意“要想成为获胜者，你要付出所有，尽最大努力”，此处表目的，所以 答案为 B。 例 20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 解析：本句句意为“记者们匆匆赶到机场，却被告知明星们已经走了”，表出乎意料的 结果常常用 only to do，所以答案为 B。 例 21. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day. A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 解析：本题句意为“玻璃门替换了木头门，自然光就进来了”，自然光进来时顺其自然 的结果，所以用 doing, 答案为 B。 例 22.How glad I am ___________ you! A. seeing B. to see C. saw D. having seen 解析： 本题是 I am glad to see you 的感叹句形式，to see you 是原因状语，答案为 B。 原则十、 非谓语动词的否定原则是在非谓语动词前加 not，有 not to do, not doing, not having done, not to have done 几种形式 例 23______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized 解析： 本题考查 doing 的否定形式 not doing，答案为 C。 例 24. What worried him most was ______ to visit his sick child. A. his being not allowed C. his not allowing B. his not being allowed D. having not been allowed 解析：本题考查 being done 的否定形式 not being done; his 为 not being done 的逻 辑主语，所以答 案为 B。 例 25. Sarah has decided ________ away on holiday this summer. A. don’t go B. to not go C. not going D. not to go 解析：本题考查 to do 的否定形式 not to do, 所以答案为 D。