2017年解放军文职人员招聘考试-英语语言文学考点归纳：语义学

 1) G. Leech and his 7 types of meaning: Conceptual meaning（概念意义），Connotative meanmg（内涵意义），Social meaning（社会意义），Affective meaning(情感意义)，Reflected meaning（反意义），Collocative meaning（搭配意义），Thematic meaning（主题意义）．

　　2) The conceptual view（概念主义观点）：semantic triangle（语义三角）by Ogden and Richards-Symbol or Form, Referent, and Thought or Reference.

　　3) Contextualism（语境主义）：to base meaning on context;a representative of the approach was J.R.Firth.

　　4) Behaviorism（行为主义）：the meaning of a language form is the situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer;a supporter of the approach was Bloomfield, who was a principal representative of American Structuralism(美国结构主义)．

　　5) Key Concepts:

　　·Lexical sense relations（词汇涵义关系）：Synonymy（同义关系），Polysemy（一词多义）：

　　·Homonymy（同音或同形异义关系）：Hyponymy（上下义关系），Antonymy（反义关系）．

　　·Sentential sense relations（语句涵义关系）：Tautology（同义反复句），Contradiction(自相矛盾句)，Inconsistency(矛盾关系)，Synonymousness(同义关系)，Entailment（衍推关系），Presupposition（预设关系），semantically anomalousness（语义反常句）．