2020年成考升专本词类用法复习指导

如何巧妙解答单项填空题 ？

1)解题时经常会遇到这类问题：原句结构或动词短语等被某些句子成分分隔，或出于语法上的需要而使其从原结构中分离出来，从而增强了试题中选项的干扰性，加大了试题的难度。碰到此类问题时，不能被表面的现象所迷惑，必须从句子的整体结构去理解，看清题目的本来面目。下面我们 就将常见的几种分隔现象例析如下：
1．运用被动句使原动词短语分隔：
例如：If better use is ___ your spare time ,  you’ll make greater progress in that
A.spent B. taken C. made of D. used for 
此题答案为C 源于短语make better use of …
再如：More attention should be paid ___good habits of reading carefully.
A.for forming  B  to form  C  to forming  D in forming 
答案C pay attention to ….
2. 运用定语从句使原句式结构分离
例如：You can never imagine what great trouble I have had ___ the patient who received a serious wound.
 A  treat B to treat C treating D treated 
答案是C  此题通过定语从句把“ have (what great )trouble (in) doing sthg”结构分离开，what great trouble 作为定语从句的先行词，后面省略了在从句中作宾语的关系代词that which 
再如：
That’s the best way we should think of ___ the dying soldier.
A helping   B  support   C operating  D to save 
答案是D
此题可能很多学生会错选A，其关键就是没有搞清句子的结构和命题者的意图。此题旨在考查think of the best way to save…通过定语从句将the best way 从原结构中分离出来，从而加大了题目的难度，正确答案应该是D
3．运用复杂疑问句形成分隔现象
 I haven’t heard from him for a long time.
What do you suppose ____ to him? 
A  was happening  B  to happen C  has happened  D had happened 
答案是C 
此结构是复杂疑问句。其结构是：疑问词+一般问句+特殊问句的其余部分，这类问句主要用来征询对某一观点的判断，认识，看法，猜度等。
这种问句，一般问句部分常见的动词有think, believe, suppose, guess, say, hope, imagine等。此题问句中的what 移至句首，并且该句强调的是过去的动作对现在造成的影响，因此用现在完成时，所以选C
4.把疑问词提前使不定式复合结构分离
who did the teacher have ___ an article for the newspaper just now?
A  written   B  writing  C  write   D to write 
选C have sb do sth

whom would you rather ___ the picture of you ?
A  have taken  B  have taking  C  have  take  D to have taken 
Would rather do sth 
Have sb do sth 
本句中将have 的宾语whom 提到了句首 
5．用同位语以及介词短语等使主语和谓语分隔
everybody in our country, men and women, old and young, ___sports and games.
A  enjoy   B  were enjoying  C  enjoys  D are enjoying 
同位语对主语起解释说明作用不影响主语的第三人称单数性质，故选C

Miss Green, as well as Mr and Mrs Green ___ devoted ___spare time to the research work..
选A
当主语后面有as well as, with, together with, but, including, besides 等连接的代词或名词时，谓语动词须和她前面的名词和代词保持人称和数上的一致
6． 运用插入语和状语使定语从句分隔
例如：there are over 1,000 students in the playground of our school, 55%__are girls .
A of them   B  of which   C  of whom  D_in them 
选C 
本题考察的是非限制性定从，先行词和定从被时间状语隔开了
再如：
he’s one of the students who , I’m sure , always do __best.
A  his  B  their  C  my  D one’s 
答案是B

又如
 he has made another discovery, ___ of great importance to science.
A   which I think it is  B  which I think is  C  I  think which is  D  of which  I  think is 
此题正确答案是B 
当定语从句子在逻辑上又作宾语从句时，习惯上把关系代词置于主句（I THINK ）之前。此题中定从WHICH IS OF GTREAT IMPORTANCE TO SCIENCE 在逻辑上作I THINK 的宾语，因此须将which  放在 I think 之前。
另外，我们也可以把I think 作为插入语，放在关系代词和谓语之间。

2）走出单项填空的误区
误区之一: 审题不细，急于作答
1．The English teacher often said in class, “let’s ___ in English. ”
A  talk   B  say  C  speak   D tell 
答案为A
我们通常说speak English , 但是前面有in ,所以我们要说talk in English 
2.____come, please tell him to wait for me at the gate.
A  he should    B  should he  C if he   D if he would have 
答案是B为虚拟条件句，省略if 倒装，if he should come 
D 选项时态对应不对， 而最容易错选的C项 人称和数对应不对，如果换成comes ,就成条件句了，也是正确的

误区之二：语义不清，盲目套用
3. It’s ___ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.
A so unusual  B such unusual  C  such an unusual  D so an unusual
答案是C 
work of art 是艺术品的意思，是可数的，误认为 work 是 工作的意思当成不可数名词，而错选B 
4. I  heard Bob ___ from his journey to Africa ; what about visiting him tonight? 
A had come back    B coming back  C come back  D is back 
此题出错的关键是对题意理解不清。Hear sb do doing  是听见某人做某事的意思，本题是说我听说他从非洲回来，所以答案为D

误区之三：脱离情景，答非所问
5. ---would you lend me a hand? 
-----_______
A it doesn’t matter  B it’s my pleasure  C  go ahead, please  D with pleasure 
答案是D 
6. I’m so tired, working all morning on the farm.
Why not take a rest, then? 
----______________
A because I can’t afford it  B maybe I should  C I don’t know  D sorry, I can’t tell you 
正确答案是B , 不要见到why 就想到用because 回答

误区之四：思维僵化，不善转化
7． Books are the most important records we keep ___man’s thoughts, ideas and feelings.
A up   B  out  C  of   D on 
  Keep up , keep out  keep on 均为短语，但是题目涉及到的短语是keep records of ,记录，只是位置有所变化
答案C 
8。time must be made full use of ___ the project ahead of time .
A completing  B to complete  C completed D being completed 
答案是B 
误选A 认为of 后面跟动名词，其实of 的宾语是 time ，是搭配make full use of time , time放到了句首，不定式为目的状语
误区之五：知识模糊，不求甚解
9. It was about 6 years ago ___ I started to learn English .

A since  B when  C until  D that 
答案是D 
误选A 看成it is …..since  句型， 此句型中 since 之前是一段时间。而本句6 years ago 为时间点，故A 不对，此句是强调句型

10．The head master suggested me ¬¬¬¬¬___to see a doctor at once.
A go   B to go  C going  D went  
答案是C 
误选A  suggest 之后接宾从省略 should ,但是题目本身不是宾从结构，须将me 改为I , 这个句子考察的是 动名词的复合结构

误区之六：思维定势，不善分析B
11．What do you imagine ___ to her? 
A was happened  B has happened  C happening  D has been happened 
答案是B 
措选c 认为imagine 后跟doing , do you imagine 为插入语，句子中缺少的是谓语动词。

12．She can’t help ___ the house because she’s cooking the meal.
A  to  clean    B cleaning  C being cleaned   D to be cleaned  
答案是A 
不要误以为是can’t help doing 结构

误区之七：结构不清，轻易断案
13． Is this factory ___ you once carried out the scientific research together with the workers? 
A which  B the one  C where  D that 
C 为正确答案
误选B 理解成定语从句，the one 为先行词， 添了the one 那么后面的定语从句缺少关系词where
14.----what do you think made Mary so upset? 
____her bicycle.
A as she lost her bicycle  B lost  C losing  D because of losing  
答案C 误选D 理解为因为丢了自行车他很不安。答语为原因状语。我们对照题干要对what 做出回答，在句子中作主语，应该用动名词，所以答案是C

 一句话可解多道考题：

每逢拿到一套考题，我们都会惊奇的发现相当多的题目似曾相识，与往年试题进行比较分析得知：多年来考察的知识点基本相同，所以在复习备考时，要按照知识点分门别类归纳练习，透彻分析，定能达到事半功倍的效果，现将近年来考过三次以上的语法项目为例，分述如下：
在从句中需使用陈述语序。
15. no one will be sure ____ in a million years.
A  what will man look like  B what man will look like C man will look like what   D what look will man like 
答案B 
16. he asked ___ for the violin.
A did I pay how much  B I paid how much  C how much did I pay D how much I paid 
选D
17. _____, mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A however late is he  B however he is late  C however is he late  D however late he is 
首先我们排除了A和C 选项，在结合however 的用法，不难得出答案是D

在时间状语和条件等状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
18. the new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she ___
A will arrive  B arrives  C is arriving  D is going to arrive 
不难看出答案是B 
19. the football match will be put off if it ___
A will rain  B rains  C rained  D is raining 
选B 
20. --- can I join the club,dad? 
  ---you can when you ___ a bit older.
A get B will get  C are getting  D will have got
选A
此类试题较多，还包括地点，让步状语从句，并且可以用一般过去时表示过去将来，用现在完成表示将来完成
例如：
you may leave the classroom when you have finished writing.

非谓语动词一律在前面加not构成否定形式

21. I must apologize for ___ ahead of time.
  ----that’s all right.
A letting you not know B not letting you know  C letting you know not  D letting not you know 
选B 
22. the patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.
A to eat not   B eating not C not to eat  D not eating  
选C

含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时，主句部分用倒装语序
这种题目也比较多，现仅以not until 为例
23. not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A didn’t I realize  B did I realize  C I didn’t realize D I realized 
选B 
24. not until all the fish died in the river ____ how serious the pollution was.
A did the villagers realize  B the villagers realized  C the villagers did realize
D didn’t the villagers realize
选A

非限制性定语从句中，关系代词指物时只用which,不用that
25. she heard a terrible noise, ___ brought her heart into her mouth.
A it  B which  C this  D that  
选B 
26. she received an invitation from her boss, __ came as a surprise.
A it  B that  C which  D he 
选C

使役动词和感官动词后面用省to不定式做宾语补足语，但在其被动结构后要带to 
27. though he had often made his little sister ___ ,today he was made ___ by his little sister.
A cry, to cry  B crying , crying  C cry, cry  D to cry, cry 
选A
28. she was made ___ the dishes for a week as a punishment.
A to wash  B washing  C wash  D to be washing 
选A