2020年成考专升本英文时态知识点汇总四

　　I. 定义：定语是修饰名词或代词的成分,定语可由单词、短语来充当。当用一个句子来充当名词或代词的修饰语时，这种起定语作用的句子就被称为定语从句。
　　They have a clever son.转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
　　Do you know the man over there?
　　I know the man who wrote the book.
　　II. 要点：
　　1. 定语从句的前面都有先行词(被修饰语)
　　This is the boy whom we are looking for
　　2. 定语从句应紧跟在先行词之后
　　3. 先行词与定语从句之间要有关系词(有时可省略)
　　4. 关系词在定语从句中充当某一成分转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
　　The girl who is standing under the tree is my sister.
　　The man whom you want to see has come.
　　III. 关系词基本用法
    主格 宾格 所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which of which
　　但that 一般可用来代替who, whom, which,作宾格时可省略
　　Do you remember the teacher that/who taught us English?
　　A bookstore is a store that/which sells books.
　　The man (that/whom/who) you know is a famous professor.
　　A) that 不能用来替代who, whom, which的两种情况
　　1)“介词+whom/which”的结构中，不能用that
　　She is a good student from whom we should learn.
　　2) 在非限制性定语从句中，逗号后面不能用that
　　She sang a new song, which we like very much.
　　注意：非限制性定语从句的关系代词不能省略
　　B) 用that不用which的一些特殊情况转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
　　1) 先行词为all, much, little, something, anything, everything, nothing等
　　Is there anything (that) I can do for you?
　　2) 先行词前有形容词最高级修饰
　　This is the most exciting report that I have ever read.
　　3) 先行词前有first, last, next, only, very, all, any等词修饰
　　The first step (that) we are to take is very difficult.
　　4) 先行词同时含有“人”和“非人”时，用that 不用which，也不用who/whom
　　He talked about the people and the books that interested him.
　　C) 关系副词when, where, why
　　用关系副词when时，它的先行词是表示时间的名词，用where时先行词是表示地点的名词，而用why时它的先行词只可能是reason，使用时应注意以下几点：
　　1) 关系代词的选择主要是看先行词在从句中所作的成分
　　This is the city where I was born.转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
　　This is the city (which/that) he has visited
　　I don’t know the reason why she is late.
　　That is the reason (which/that) everybody knows
　　Do you still remember the day when he arrived?
　　Do you still remember the day (that/which) we spent together?
　　2) 关系副词when,where, why可由“介词+which”的结构来替代
　　Is this the reason for which they came?
　　He left the day on which I came.
　　注意：how 不能用来引导定语从句
　　This is the way how he did it.
　　D) As 作关系代词的用法
　　与the same, such连用转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
　　This is the same book as I read last week.
　　Such books as I have read are classical works.