下列有机物命名正确的是

试卷相关题目

• 1由于化学键之间的相互作用，化合物分子中各基团之间互相影响，能使同一官能团的性质有所差异。下列四种物质：① 水、② 乙醇、③ 苯酚、④ 乙酸中都含有羟基，其羟基中H原子的活泼性顺序由强到弱的是

  A.④＞③＞②＞①

  B.④＞③＞①＞②

  C.④＞①＞③＞②

  D.③＞①＞④＞②

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• 2常见有机反应类型有： ①取代反应  ②加成反应  ③消去反应  ④酯化反应  ⑤加聚反应  ⑥缩聚反应  ⑦水解反应  ⑧还原反应，其中可能在有机分子中新产生羟基的反应类型是

  A.①②③④

  B.⑤⑥⑦⑧

  C.①②⑦⑧

  D.③④⑤⑥

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• 3下列实验设计、操作或实验现象均正确的是

  A.检验甲酸中是否混有甲醛，可向样品中加入足量NaOH溶液以中和HCOOH，再做银镜反应实验

  B.实验室制取乙酸乙酯时，将反应产生的蒸气经导管通入到饱和烧碱溶液中

  C.液态溴乙烷中加入AgNO₃溶液观察有无淡黄色沉淀生成，以检验溴元素的存在

  D.实验室制硝基苯要在水浴的热水中插入温度计

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• 4为提纯下列物质(括号内的物质为杂质)，所选用的除杂试剂和分离方法都正确的是<table style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: auto auto auto -6.65pt; WIDTH: 461px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; HEIGHT: 118px; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" _dj="MsoTableGrid"><tbody><tr style="HEIGHT: 15.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 25.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.45pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="33"> </td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 129.7pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.45pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="173">被提纯物质</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 131pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.45pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="175">除杂试剂</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.45pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="82">分离方法</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 15.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 25.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.45pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="33"> A</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 129.7pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.45pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="173">苯（苯甲酸）</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 131pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.45pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="175">生石灰</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.45pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="82">蒸馏</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 15.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 25.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.45pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="33"> B</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 129.7pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.45pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="173">乙醇（乙酸）</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 131pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.45pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="175">氢氧化钠溶液</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.45pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="82">分液</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 15.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 25.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.45pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="33"> C</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 129.7pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.45pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="173">乙烷（乙炔）</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 131pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.45pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="175">酸性高锰酸钾溶液</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.45pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="82">洗气</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 16.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 25.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 16.2pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="33"> D</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 129.7pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 16.2pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="173">苯（苯酚）</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 131pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 16.2pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="175">浓溴水</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 16.2pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="82">过滤</td></tr></tbody></table>　

  D.

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• 5由2—溴丙烷为原料制取1，2—丙二醇，需要经过的反 应为

  A.加成—消去—取代

  B.消去—加成—取代

  C.消去—取代—加成

  D.取代—消去—加成

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• 6A、B两种烃，它们含碳质量分数相同，下列关于A和B的叙述正确的是

  A.A和B一定是同分异构体

  B.A和B不可能是同系物

  C.A和B最简式一定相同

  D.A和B的化学性质相似

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• 7下列化合物的核磁共振氢谱中出 现三组峰的是：

  A.2，2，3，3一四甲基丁烷

  B.2，3，4一三甲基戊烷

  C.3，4一二甲基己烷

  D.2，5一二甲基己烷

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