习近平同志强调：“要加强对权力运行的制约和监督，把权力关进制度的笼子里。”在下列中国古代官职中，最早体现“对权力运行的制约和监督”的是

试卷相关题目

• 1史书记载：“商君相秦十年，宗室贵戚多怨望。”这主要是因为商鞅变法

  A.允许工商者入仕为官

  B.准许土地自由买卖

  C.承认土地归私人所有

  D.规定按军功受爵赐田

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• 2科举制具有加强中央集权的作用是因为它

  A.扩大了官吏人才来源

  B.把读书、考试与做官紧密联系

  C.提高了官员的文化素质

  D.把选拔人才任命官吏的权力收回中央

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• 3中国古代的选官制度主要有汉代的察举制、魏晋南北朝的九品中正制和隋唐的科举制，与这些制度选拔官员的主要依据对应搭配正确的是（   ）

  A.德才——考试成绩——门第声望

  B.门第声望——德才——考试成绩

  C.考试成绩——门第声望——德才

  D.德才——门第声望——考试成绩

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• 41978年，当时有2.5亿人吃不饱肚子。到1987年，中国已基本解决了温饱问题。2020年11月23日，随着贵州省宣布66个贫困县全部退出贫困县序列，我国832个贫困县全部脱贫摘帽。我们如期完成了新时代近1亿贫困人口脱贫攻坚目标任务，消除了绝对贫困和区域性整体贫困。由此可知

  A.中国特色社会主义制度更具有优越性

  B.中国共产党已经实现了共同富裕目标

  C.改革开放政策促进了社会经济的发展

  D.社会主义市场经济体制迸发出了活力

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• 5有不少学者认为，洋务运动、戊戌变法、清末“新政”和预备立宪均为清政府的自救运动。上述历史事件对共同点的表述正确的是

  A.均主张“中体西用”

  B.自救未成却促进社会进步

  C.未能触及政治制度

  D.以政治制度的改革为核心

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• 6表宋代宰相祖辈任官情况表<table _dj="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;margin-left:-0.6000pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-top-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-right-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-bottom-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-insideh:0.5000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-insidev:0.5000pt solid windowtext;mso-padding-alt:6.0000pt 6.0000pt 6.0000pt 6.0000pt ;"><tbody><tr><td valign="center" style="padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-left-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">曾祖、祖父或父亲任官情况</td><td valign="center" colspan="2" style="padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">宰相人数</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" style="padding:6.0000pt 6.0000pt 6.0000pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-left-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);"> </td><td valign="center" style="padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">北宋（71）</td><td valign="center" style="padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">南宋（62）</td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-left-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">高级官员</td><td valign="center" style="padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">20</td><td valign="center" style="padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">8</td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-left-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">中级官员</td><td valign="center" style="padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">15</td><td valign="center" style="padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">10</td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-left-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">低级官员</td><td valign="center" style="padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">12</td><td valign="center" style="padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">8</td></tr><tr><td valign="center" style="padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-left-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">无官职记录</td><td valign="center" style="padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">24</td><td valign="center" style="padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">36</td></tr></tbody></table>据学者研究整理而成，反映出两宋时期

  A.世家大族影响巨大

  B.社会阶层流动加强

  C.宰相权力日益下降

  D.科举制度功能弱化

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• 71371年，朱元璋建立南北更调之例，即北人南用，南人北用，其后官制渐定，除学官外，不得任官本省，亦不限南北。明代万历年间政府实行“掣签法”，通过抽签的方式决定官员的任职地点。这些政策

  A.意在避免地方官营私舞弊

  B.提高了人才选拔标准

  C.加速了社会各阶层的流动

  D.完善了监察谏议制度

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