春秋初诸侯遍行采邑（封地），中后期始行县一郡制度，“上大夫受县，下大夫受郡”。战国时边地繁荣，始予郡下设县，形成郡-县两级制。以上历史现象根源于

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• 1历史研究应坚持有一分材料说一分话，材料之外“一点也不越过去说”。以下史实到结论的推断，符合这一原则的是<table style="border: currentColor; margin-left: 28.35pt; border-collapse: collapse; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insideh: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt;" border="1" cellspacing="0" _dj="MsoNormalTable"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top"></td><td style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top">史实</td><td style="border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top">结论</td></tr><tr><td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top">A</td><td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top">商鞅变法“废分封，行郡县”</td><td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top">秦国建立了专制主义中央集权制度</td></tr><tr><td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top">B</td><td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top">董仲舒“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”</td><td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top">文化开始成为政治权力的附庸</td></tr><tr><td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top">C</td><td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top">行省“有诸侯之镇，而无诸侯之权”</td><td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top">元朝中央集权得以加强</td></tr><tr><td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top">D</td><td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top">明太祖屡次宣布“通番禁令”</td><td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="top">明朝严禁中外通商贸易</td></tr></tbody></table>

  A.

  C.

  D.

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• 2古代的每个民族都喜欢“谈天说地”，西方人喜欢说“天上”，而中国人更喜欢说“天下”，甚至认为，“凡我族类．其心必同”，可以共“天下一家”；“非我族类，其心必异”，那就不是一个“天下”，而是“不共戴天“。这说明古代中国的“天下”

  A.是按照民族区域进行划分的

  B.是从文化认同层面进行区分的

  C.和近代“国家”概念基本相同

  D.指的是汉民族所在的中原地区

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• 3明清两代都强调以礼入法，制定有“留养”之条，即对犯有死罪的人，所犯死罪不在“十恶”范围的，如有祖父母、父母老而无养的，可奏请兔将罪犯处决，以留下来养亲。这表明

  A.“存天理，灭人欲”的深刻影响

  B.封建法律的制定有着较大随意性

  C.封建统治者对人性的尊重

  D.纲常伦理有利予维护封建统治

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• 4有学者称“哥伦布发现新大陆”为“哥伦布火交换”，认为哥伦布首次航行到美州大陆，是旧大陆与新大陆之间联系的开始，也是一件关于生物、农作物、人种、文化、传染病以及观念在东半球与西半球之间的一场引人注目的大转换。从这个角度来看，下列哪项不是哥伦布“发现新大陆”给美洲带来的影响

  A.给美洲带来了先进的生产方式

  B.使美洲文化遭到毁灭性打击

  C.冲击了美洲入的生活方式

  D.给美洲带来了新的疾病

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• 5在封建专制统治下，逐渐形成以儒家文化为主题的庞大文化体系，从十九世纪上半时开始，儒家学说合法的生存根基逐渐丧失，下列有关表述不正确的是

  A.清末废科举考试制度，基本上切除了儒学和政治的连接

  B.资本主义生活方式东渐，冲击了中国传统的生活规范

  C.西方近代科学影响下，儒学的真理地位受到人们的怀疑

  D.报纸、电影和杂志出现后，儒学的传播途径逐渐萎缩

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