1937年12月，蒋介石在日记中写道：“今日除投降外无和平，舍抗战外无生存，彼等实昧于大势，不知国家利害，此革命之所以未成功而以致于此也。”这可以体现蒋介石（   ）

试卷相关题目

• 1某乡村知识分子1913年的一则日记（部分）：“大清宣统五年，正月初三。自变乱以来，一切新党竞袭洋夷之皮毛，不但遵行外洋之政治，改阴历为阳历，即服色亦效洋式，而外洋各国之夷蚕食鲸吞，日甚一日……来拜年者五十余人，皆系便衣便帽，无一顶戴之人，间有洋帽之人，较上年之情形迥然不同”。据此推断合理的是，作者（  ）

  A.关注民族危机，主张教育救国

  B.质疑华夷观念，推崇西方文明

  C.顺应时代潮流，主张与时俱进

  D.忧虑社会革命，怀念清朝统治

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• 21912年2月12日，清帝颁布逊位诏书，宣布退位，有人因此认为辛亥革命是中国版的“光荣革命”。这一观点认为两国“光荣革命”

  A.都减少了社会动荡，避免了更大流血牺牲

  B.都以温和的方式改变了两国的社会性质

  C.都保留了君主制，没有完成民主革命任务

  D.都以非暴力方式建立了资产阶级共和政体

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• 3旅日学者宗泽亚在《清日战争》中谈到“历史的真实不能完全认同那些惯用的‘身陷绝境’、‘弹尽粮绝’、‘敌强我弱’、‘被迫撤离’等，颇有开脱战败责任的词汇。清日战争中，清军的处境恰恰与惯用语的状况完全相反。战争失败并不耻辱，从反省中站起来，再去赢得战争。清国人没有这样做，只在耻辱的呻吟中怨天怨地，最终未能从自身的弊端中找到正确的答案。”作者认为甲午战争中国失败的最主要原因是（   ）

  A.中国的武器不如日本，敌强我弱

  B.清军将士在战场上胆小怕死，离城而逃，主动撤离

  C.北洋水师遭受重创，李鸿章避战自保

  D.封建制度的腐朽，致使国民爱国意识淡泊

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• 41839年林则徐在广州敦促洋人谨守合法贸易，主动上缴鸦片。在遭到外国商人拒绝后，他宣布全面断绝对外通商，封锁烟馆，直至外国人答应交出鸦片。林则徐采取这种“先礼后兵”的策略主要是为了

  A.树立平等交往的形象

  B.扩大对外贸易的需要

  C.达到禁绝鸦片的目的

  D.应对敌强我弱的态势

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• 5读表2，据此不能得出的认识是表2 中国古代行政区划简表<table style="width: 417.15pt; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-padding-alt: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt;" align="center" _dj="MsoNormalTable"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; border: 0.5pt solid windowtext; width: 52.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="70">时期</td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">秦汉</td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 63.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="84">魏晋南北朝</td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">隋唐</td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">宋金</td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 63.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="84">元</td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 79.05pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="105">明</td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 63.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="84">清</td></tr><tr><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 52.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="70">高层政区</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42"> </td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 63.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="84">州</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42"> </td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">路</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 63.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="84">行省</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 79.05pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="105">布政使司</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 63.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="84">省</td></tr><tr><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 52.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="70">统县政区</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">郡</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 63.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="84">郡</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">州</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">州</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 63.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="84">路、府、州</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 79.05pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="105">府、直隶州/州</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 63.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="84">府、直隶州</td></tr><tr><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 52.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="70">县级政区</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">县</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 63.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="84">县</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">县</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">县</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 63.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="84">县</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 79.05pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="105">县</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 63.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="84">州、县</td></tr></tbody></table> 

  A.县是中国历史上最稳定的一级政区

  B.州的地位呈现出由高到低的演进趋势

  C.政区层级的调整促进了地方自主性

  D.二级制和三级制是古代政区层级的主体

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• 61955年8月，中美大使级会谈举行前，中国政府主动释放了11名在朝鲜战争期间俘获的美国飞行员。后来，会谈经过多次磋商，美方也允许钱学森等中国留学生离开美国。这表明当时

  A.中国放弃了“一边倒”政策

  B.美国改变了孤立中国的政策

  C.中美两国都试图缓和紧张关系

  D.中美两国关系开始走向正常化

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• 71978年，中央工作会议指出：现在的问题是法律很不完备，很多法律还没有制定出来。往往把领导人说的话当作法，不赞成领导人的话叫违法，领导人的话改变了，法也就跟着变。该“指出”的宗旨是（ ）

  A.批判有法不依现象

  B.重建社会主义法制

  C.增强民众的法治观念

  D.废除干部职务终身制

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• 82014年以前，半官方的民间组织一度是海峡两岸最重要的沟通桥梁。据此推断，台湾方面的半官方代表团，可能曾出席

  A.中华人民共和国开国大典

  B.中国恢复联合国合法席位庆功会

  C.《中美建交公报》签字仪式

  D.香港回归交接仪式

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• 9古代希腊公共空间发达，至今尚存的神庙、露天剧场、体育场等即是证明，但私人空间却备受限制，如公民不参加“共餐制”，即丧失公民权。据此可知，古代希腊

  A.重视公民参政意识的培养

  B.人人享有平等的参政权

  C.个人生活完全从属于城邦

  D.公民权缺乏法律的保障

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• 10某学者评价古罗马某部法律时指出，“几乎所有残存的文本看起来都具有土生土长的特点，这同留传下来的传统说法相一致；平民们所寻求的不是改革法律，而是公开法律。”据此推断这部法律①应为《十二铜表法》                 ②突破了公民法的局限③是罗马习惯法的汇编                 ④有利于保护平民利益

  A.①③

  B.①②④

  C.①③④

  D.②④

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