有学者指出：“根据列宁‘评判历史的功绩，不是根据历史活动家没有提-最需题库

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1《唐会要》卷八十六记载：“景龙元年(公元707年)十一月敕：诸非州县之所，不得置市。其市当以午时，击鼓二百下，而众大会；日入前七刻击钲三百下，散……太和五年(公元831年)七月，左右巡使奏：‘……不合(不应当)辄向街开门户，悉令闭塞。’”对以上材料理解，正确的是（）
A.严格限制州县城市的商品交易
B.导致农村集市贸易无从发展
C.严格控制城市里坊与市的界限
D.抑商政策导致商业发展停滞
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2有学者总结中国古代“皇权的强化，一方面表现为有一定独立性的外朝中枢机构权力被削夺殆尽，另一方面又表现为一部分内廷臣属或机构因得皇帝信任而不断培养发展势力，成为实际上的权力中枢”。能支持上述观点的朝代是（）
A.西周
B.秦朝
C.元朝
D.清代
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3程朱理学认为：“耳闻目见，饮食男女……喜怒哀乐之变，皆性之自然，今其(佛教)言曰：‘必灭绝是，然后得天真。’吾多见其丧天真矣。”“饮食者，天理也；要求美味，人欲也。虽是人欲，人欲中自有天理。”此材料表明程朱理学（）
A.赞同佛教的禁欲主义
B.对饮食没有道德规范的要求
C.认可道德规范内的人欲
D.认可私欲，主张个性解放
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4下表是《中国的世界记录》收录的中国古代科技成果统计数据，由此可以得出（）<table style="width: 383.2pt; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-padding-alt: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt;" align="center" _dj="MsoNormalTable"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; border: 0.5pt solid windowtext; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">类别 </td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 55pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="73">数学</td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 73.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="98">天文历法气象 </td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">地学 </td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">化学 </td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">农学 </td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">机械 </td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">水利 </td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">轻工 </td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">兵器 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">项数 </td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 55pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="73">22 </td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 73.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="98">25 </td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">25 </td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">9 </td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">25 </td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">7 </td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">7 </td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">8 </td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 31.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="42">9 </td></tr></tbody></table>
A.儒家思想重人伦轻科技
B.科举制度推动科技发展
C.中国古代科技领先世界
D.中国古代农耕经济发展
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5公元前399年苏格拉底被控诉不敬城邦认可的神灵而判处死刑；哲学家普罗塔哥拉因在《论神》中说“不能断定神是否存在”，其著作被公焚；悲剧家欧里庇得斯也因“不敬神”被起诉，被迫离开雅典，客死异乡。对此表述最准确的是（）
A.雅典民主政治制度的繁荣
B.统治阶级利用神权来巩固统治
C.神在雅典人心中地位提高
D.人文精神并非是雅典主流思想
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6布罗代尔认为，科学的历史若从一定的距离来看，就像从一种普遍的理性解释向另一种普遍解释的缓慢过渡。每一种解释因新的资料猛烈地与之抵触而突然被推翻。于是另一种假说便会被提出，这种假说又会成为进一步发展的出发点。下列最符合这一论断的是（）
A.亚里士多德力学—哥白尼日心说—牛顿经典力学
B.亚里士多德力学—牛顿经典力学—相对论
C.牛顿经典力学—相对论—量子论
D.基督教神创论—拉马克早期进化说—达尔文进化论
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7“科学的发展对社会心理层面的时尚、审美观念，社会意识形式层面的哲学、宗教、艺术、伦理道德，以及作为整个精神文化核心的思维方式、价值观念等民族精神层面产生了一系列具有深刻意义的影响和变革。”下列选项不符合材料观点的是（）
A.宗教改革主张“教随国定”
B.马克思主义学说诞生
C.启蒙运动时期的理性之光
D.现代主义文学的出现
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