2021年12月国家文物局披露了汉文帝陵墓——霸陵考古发掘的相关信息：霸陵双重陵园格局，象征官署机构的外藏坑围绕帝陵形成向心式布局。霸陵的布局体现了汉初

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• 1西汉时，刺史“以小制大”，监察地方，东汉继承了这一制度。东汉灵帝年间爆发黄巾起义，四方多事，朝廷选派重臣出任刺史，称“州牧”，掌一州的军事、财攻、民政大权。这一变化带来的影响是

  A.监察区“州”变成一级行政机构

  B.形成路、州、县三级制度

  C.东汉皇帝的统治地位得以巩固

  D.出现宦官与外戚交替专权局面

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• 2“周王给予地方诸侯的恩惠和优待明显高于在中央朝廷服务的王室官员，除了一些关系到王室利益的诸侯继位等事务外，没有证据显示中央朝廷曾试图干预地方封国的内部事务”。材料表明西周（   ）

  A.宗法制巩固了封建统治

  B.王权尚未实现高度集中

  C.分封制加强了中央集权

  D.君主专制政体正式形成

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• 3据史料记载，隋唐以后科举由朝廷直接掌握，授予举子功名官职。由于在功名仕宦方面荟萃于京师庙堂而与家族门第相对分离，官僚政治由门第至上向科第至上演进。读书人及其家族能否保持显贵人家的身份地位，一概以科举为转移。这说明隋唐以后（   ）

  A.社会阶层的流动性明显加强

  B.实现了社会各阶层的平等

  C.官僚政治开始取代贵族政治

  D.科举制成为唯一入仕途径

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• 4据《明史》记载，“至仁宗而后，诸大学士历晋尚书保傅，品位尊崇，地居近密而纶言批答，裁决机宜，悉由票拟，阁权之重，偃然汉唐宰辅”。这反映了（   ）

  A.内阁已成独立行政机构

  B.内阁完全实现宰相化

  C.皇权专制统治得到加强

  D.阁臣专权现象的重现

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• 5清朝对少数民族采取“修其教不易其俗，齐其政不易其宜”的基本原则，保持各民族自己的社会习俗和宗教信仰，笼络上层分子，大事集权，小事放权，依据不同情况进行有特点的行政管理。这一做法

  A.不利于对少数民族地区的管辖

  B.利于对少数民族的同化

  C.加强了对边疆地区的有效管理

  D.扩大了清朝的统治疆域

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• 6据下表，可得出的正确认识是，晚清时期（   ）晚清政府的财政收入（单位：百万两白银）<table _dj="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:426.0000pt;margin-left:-0.6000pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-top-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-right-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-bottom-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-insideh:0.5000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-insidev:0.5000pt solid windowtext;mso-padding-alt:6.0000pt 6.0000pt 6.0000pt 6.0000pt ;"><tbody><tr><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-left-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);"></td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">1849年</td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">1893年</td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">1908年</td></tr><tr><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-left-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">土地税</td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">32.8</td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">35.6</td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">102.4</td></tr><tr><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-left-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">杂税</td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);"> </td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">6.5</td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">65.0</td></tr><tr><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-left-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">盐税</td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">5.0</td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">15.3</td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">45.0</td></tr><tr><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-left-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">国内关税</td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">4.7</td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">1.1</td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">6.7</td></tr><tr><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-left-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">海关</td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);"> </td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">14.7</td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">32.9</td></tr><tr><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-left-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">厘金</td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);"> </td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">17.1</td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">40.0</td></tr><tr><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-left-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">总计</td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">42.5</td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">90.3</td><td width="142" valign="center" style="width:106.5000pt;padding:3.7500pt 6.0000pt 3.7500pt 6.0000pt ;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:none;border-right:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-right-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);border-bottom:1.0000pt solid rgb(0,0,0);mso-border-bottom-alt:0.7500pt solid rgb(0,0,0);">292.0</td></tr></tbody></table>

  A.推行新政加剧社会矛盾

  B.农耕主导地位不断强化

  C.政府财政危机彻底解决

  D.出口贸易数量不断增长

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• 71912年10月16日，北洋政府公布《中央行政官官等法》。废除了古代9品18级制，采用文官等级品位分类制，实行官、职合一。官名仅表示为官者的职务而不再表示其身份，也不再表示着特权。这样做的意义在于（   ）

  A.消除了官位崇拜的价值观

  B.有利于传播近代平等观念

  C.实现了官员非特权化原则

  D.说明了考试面前人人平等

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