亚里士多德说：“后来，由于国家日益壮大，而钱财也积累了很多，他（执政官-最需题库

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1史载：汉景帝时，景帝的弟弟梁孝王入宫晋见，皇帝相当亲热，得知梁孝王有五位儿子，便赐给他们五人侯爵之位，并赏赐许多物品。梁孝王死后，景帝将梁孝王所遗之国分为五份，每位侯爵一份，又把他们的爵位通通提升为王。历史学者读到这段故事，最恰当的解释是 ( )
A.皇帝友爱兄弟，也疼爱子侄
B.皇帝用提升梁王子孙的爵位的方法来削弱封国实力
C.皇帝加强位于在边境的梁国的屏障功能以抵御外患
D.皇帝推行开发边疆政策，使边境国梁国得到发展
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2“自世卿贵族门阀举荐制度推翻，唐宋厉行考试，明清峻法执行，无论试诗赋、策论、八股文，人才辈出；虽所试科目不合时用，制度则昭若日月。”引文意在强调科举制（）
A.选拔人才存在缺陷
B.具有显著的积极意义
C.考试内容较为繁多
D.已经不符合时代需要
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3《中国古代史》中指出：在西周分封制度下，同姓集团授予封土，赐之以氏。当时，姓、氏是统治阶级的特权，“贵者有氏，贱者有名无氏”。到战国以后，姓氏的分野逐渐消失，平民逐渐获得姓氏。下列各项与“平民得姓”关系最直接的是（）
A.郡县制的发展
B.小农经济产生
C.儒家思想的发展
D.宗法制度的影响
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4有人在研究明朝皇帝系列表时发现,部分明朝皇帝的名讳体现了我国古代阴阳五行学中五行相生说,即木生火,火生土,土生金,金生水,水生木。(见下表)<table style="width: 342.8pt; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-padding-alt: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt;" align="center" _dj="MsoNormalTable"><tbody><tr style="height: 13.4pt;"><td style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; border: 0.5pt solid windowtext; width: 64pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="85">皇帝称号</td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 64pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="85">明成祖</td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 53.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="71">明仁宗</td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 53.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="71">明宣宗</td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 53.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="71">明英宗</td><td style="border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 53.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="71">明宪宗</td></tr><tr style="height: 14.15pt;"><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 64pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="85">皇帝姓名</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 64pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="85">朱棣</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 53.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="71">朱高炽</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 53.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="71">朱瞻基</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 53.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="71">朱祁镇</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 53.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="71">朱见深</td></tr><tr style="height: 12.15pt;"><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 64pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="85">相互关系</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 64pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="85">明太祖之子</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 53.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="71">成祖之子</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 53.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="71">仁宗之子</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 53.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="71">宣宗之子</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 53.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="71">英宗之子</td></tr><tr style="height: 13.1pt;"><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 64pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="85">名中的偏旁</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 64pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="85">木</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 53.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="71">火</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 53.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="71">土</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 53.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="71">金</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 53.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext;" valign="center" width="71">水</td></tr></tbody></table>依据表中所列现象判断,其所隐含的思想有( )①祈盼专制政权的生生不息 ②反映宗法血缘的代代相传③表达分封制度的世世相袭 ④显示“朱”姓大族的赫赫尊贵
A.①②④
B.①③④
C.①②
D.②③
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5《殷周制度论》在谈及周代的宗法制时说:“任天者定，任人者争；宁之于天，争乃不生。”其中“天”是指（）
A.辨别是非善恶的天理
B.确定继承人选的天子
C.表现自然现象的天道
D.决定嫡庶身份的天命
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6下列各项史实与结论之间逻辑关系正确的是( )<table style="width: 423.6pt; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-padding-alt: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt;" _dj="MsoNormalTable"><tbody><tr style="height: 14.1pt;"><td style="padding: 0pt 5.4pt; border: 0.25pt solid windowtext; width: 23.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="31"></td><td style="border-width: 0.25pt 0.25pt 0.25pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 208.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="278">史实</td><td style="border-width: 0.25pt 0.25pt 0.25pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 191.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="255">结论</td></tr><tr><td style="border-width: medium 0.25pt 0.25pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 23.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="31">A</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.25pt 0.25pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 208.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="278">查阅到“隋唐确立了三省六部制度”等史料</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.25pt 0.25pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 191.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="255">当时出现了“皇权下的民主”</td></tr><tr><td style="border-width: medium 0.25pt 0.25pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 23.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="31">B</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.25pt 0.25pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 208.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="278">寻找到当时用于投票的陶片作证据</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.25pt 0.25pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 191.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="255">雅典民主的特点是人民主权与轮番而治</td></tr><tr><td style="border-width: medium 0.25pt 0.25pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 23.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="31">C</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.25pt 0.25pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 208.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="278">查阅到《十二铜表法》的具体内容</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.25pt 0.25pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 191.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="255">这是世界上成文法的汇编</td></tr><tr><td style="border-width: medium 0.25pt 0.25pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 23.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="31">D</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.25pt 0.25pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 208.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="278">查阅到《查士丁尼法学总论》的法律条文</td><td style="border-width: medium 0.25pt 0.25pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 191.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: none; mso-border-right-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.2500pt solid windowtext;" valign="top" width="255">罗马法已经发展到一个完备的阶段</td></tr></tbody></table>
A.
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7《十二铜表法》第九表第二条规定：“不得为任何个人的利益，制定特别的法律。”以下《十二铜表法》中与该条款精神相悖的是( )
A.债务人在拘禁期中，如愿意，可自费供养
B.在夜间窃取耕地的庄稼或放牧的，如为适婚人，则处死以祭谷神；如为未适婚人，则由长官酌情鞭打，并处以赔偿双倍于损害的罚金
C.若死者无父系近亲，则其身后所遗的业产得由其族人取得
D.折断自由人一骨的，处300阿斯的罚金；如被害人为奴隶，处150阿斯的罚金
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8英国学者戴维·赫尔德说：“雅典民主的特别革新在很大程度上建立在其排他性之上。”与这一说法不一致的是( )
A.非常严格的公民资格的限定
B.是一种父权制民主，妇女没有政治权利
C.雅典民主使所有公民具有同样的权利
D.雅典政治文化是成年男性文化．
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9一位学者这样评价某国政治制度演进：“较少的腥风血雨，较少的声色俱厉……是一路随和，一路感觉，顺着经验走，绕着障碍走，怎么消耗少，怎么发展快就怎走……温和中包含着刚健，渐进中累积着大步。”他评价的是( )
A.英国君主立宪制
B.德国君主立宪制
C.美国总统共和制
D.法国民主共和制
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101877年5月，法国议会以多数票赞成政府限制教权派的宣传，共和派的内阁总理西蒙接受这一决议。5月16日，总统麦克马洪以破坏出版法为由迫使总理西蒙辞职，任命君主派首领布罗伊公爵为总理。共和派强烈反对，麦克马洪于5月25日征得参议院同意，解散了众议院。从中可以看出1877年的法国( )
A.权力中心是总统
B.内阁对议会负责
C.政治斗争仍激烈
D.共和政体没确立
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