乙酰胆碱是可引起突触后膜兴奋的递质，某病人血清中含有能与乙酰胆碱受体结合的抗体，该病人所患疾病及表现为（  ）

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• 1由于胎儿要从母体获得大量的蛋白质等营养物质，往往会造成孕妇身体浮肿。下列浮肿与孕妇身体浮肿的原理不一样的是（  ）

  A.过敏反应引起血管通透性增强导致组织水肿

  B.营养不良引起组织水肿

  C.有蛋白尿的肾炎患者出现组织水肿

  D.局部代谢旺盛导致组织水肿

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• 2DNA疫苗是由病原微生物中一段能控制合成抗原的基因制成，这段基因编码的产物仅是引起体液免疫反应。以下关于DNA疫苗的叙述正确的是（  ）

  A.能引起特异性免疫反应是因为DNA疫苗具有抗原决定簇

  B.DNA疫苗引起免疫反应前必须经过转录和翻译过程

  C.DNA疫苗导入人体后效应B细胞分化为记忆细胞

  D.接种后若感染此病原微生物则体内记忆细胞会产生大量抗体

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• 3免疫接种包括两种方法：①注射抗体，②注射抗原。下列相关说法正确的是(  )

  A.用治愈者的血清进行的治疗属于方法②

  B.方法①在接种对象体内引起B细胞的增殖、分化

  C.方法②是通过使人体患病然后获得免疫力

  D.医学上一般采用方法②预防一些传染病

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• 4癌症患者腹部积水后，为利尿排水应静脉输送的物质的主要成分是（  ）

  A.复合氨基酸

  B.葡萄糖和维生素

  C.无机盐

  D.血浆蛋白

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• 5下列关于人体稳态的说法，错误的有几项（  ）①机体稳态是在神经系统和体液调节下通过各器官系统协调完成的，与免疫调节无关②根据人体肾脏排出钠盐和钾盐的特点可知：正常情况下人体更容易缺钾③饭后初期机体胰岛素分泌增加，胰高血糖素分泌减少；长期饥饿时，机体胰高血糖素分泌增加，胰岛素分泌减少④寒冷环境中机体会通过调节使皮肤散热量减少，所以人体在0℃环境中10分钟向环境散失的热量小于在25℃环境中10分钟的散热量

  A.1项

  B.2项

  C.3项

  D.4项

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• 6免疫是机体的一种重要的保护性生理功能。下列不属于免疫过程的是（  ）

  A.注射青霉素引起人体休克

  B.注射青霉素杀死肺炎双球菌

  C.淋巴因子能加强各种有关细胞的作用

  D.吞噬细胞清除自身衰老、癌变细胞

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• 7下表为甲、乙、丙3位病人早晨空腹时血清的部分指标值。相关判断不合理的是（  ） <table style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" _dj="MsoNormalTable"><tbody><tr style="HEIGHT: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.95pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="96">指标项</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 110pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="147">参考值</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 62.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="83">甲</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 62.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="83">乙</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 62.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="83">丙</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.95pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="96">谷丙转氨酶</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 110pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="147">5~40U·L-1</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 62.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="83">90</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 62.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="83">30</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 62.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="83">31</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.95pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="96">总蛋白</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 110pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="147">55~85g·L-1</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 62.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="83">40</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 62.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="83">38</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 62.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="83">60</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.95pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="96">葡萄糖</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 110pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="147">3.9~5.9mmol·L-1</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 62.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="83">3.6</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 62.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="83">3.8</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 62.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="83">10</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 14.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 71.95pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.65pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="96">尿素氮</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 110pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.65pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="147">1.9~7.2mmol·L-1</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 62.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.65pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="83">1.2</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 62.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.65pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="83">3.0</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 62.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.65pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="83">8.5</td></tr></tbody></table>

  A.甲的血氨浓度可能低于正常值范围

  B.乙可能水肿并伴有蛋白尿现象

  C.丙可能身体消瘦并伴有多尿现象

  D.甲、乙、丙的病变器官可能分别是肝、肾、胰

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• 8研究表明在人体细胞免疫过程中，效应T细胞能够分泌一种称为穿孔素的蛋白质，可将被病毒感染的细胞或肿瘤细胞的膜溶解而形成孔洞，导致这些靶细胞解体死亡。下列与这一免疫过程有关的说法正确的是（  ）

  A.效应T细胞作用于靶细胞是其免疫反应的唯一表现

  B.靶细胞死亡后，侵入靶细胞内的病毒也就死亡了

  C.在上述效应T细胞作用过程中产生的穿孔素属于淋巴因子

  D.在效应T细胞合成穿孔素过程中起重要作用的细胞器是高尔基体

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