The beauty of software is in its function，in its internal structure，and in the way inwhich it is created by a team. To a user，a program withjust the right features presented through an intuitive and( 71 )interface isbeautiful.To a software designer，an internal structurethat is partitioned in a simple and intuitive manner，andthat minimizes internal coupling is beautiful.To developers and managers ，a motivated team of developers making significant progress everyweek，and producing defect-free code，is beautiful.There is beauty on all these levels.our world needssoftware--lots of software. Fifty years ago software was something that ran ina few big and expensive machines. Thirty years ago it was something that ran inmost companies and industrial settings. Now there is software running in ourcell phones，watches，appliances，automobiles，toys，andtools. And need for new and better software never( 72 ).As our civilizationgrows and expands，as developing nations build theirinfrastructures，as developed nations strive to achieveever greater efficiencies，the need for more and moreSoftware( 73 )to increase. It would be a great shame if，in all that software，there was no beauty.Weknow that software can be ugly. We know that it can be hard to use，unreliable ，and carelessly structured. Weknow that there are software systems whose tangled and careless internalstructures make them expensive and difficult to change. We know that there aresoftware systems that present their features through an awkward and cumbersomeinterface. We know that there are software systems that crash and misbehave.These are( 74) systems. Unfortunately，as a profession，software developers tend to create more ugly systems than beautifulones.There is a secret that the best software developers know. Beauty ischeaper than ugliness. Beauty is faster than ugliness. A beautiful softwaresystem can be built and maintained in less time，and forless money ,than an ugly one. Novice software developers don't. understandthis. They think that they have to do everything fast and quick. They thinkthat beauty is( 75 ) .No! By doing things fast and quick，they make messes that make the software stiff，and hard to understand，Beautiful systems eflexible and easy to understand. Building them and maintaining them is a joy.It is ugliness that is impractical.Ugliness will slow you down and make yoursoftware expensive and brittle. Beautiful systems cost the least build andmaintain，and are delivered soonest.