The common complication of nephrotic syndrome in the pediatric age group is

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• 1Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by

  A.nephrotic range proteinuria

  B.hypoalbuminemia

  C.hyperlipidemia

  D.dema

  E.all of above

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• 2What is the most important clinical feature of nephritic syndrome

  A.Proteinuria

  B.Edema

  C.Hypertension

  D.Hypoalbuminemia

  E.Hypercholesterolemia

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• 3The typical pathological change in primary nephritic syndrome is

  A.Membranous nephropathy

  B.Endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis

  C.Focus segmental glomerulosclerosis

  D.Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis

  E.Minimal change

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• 4The basic change of pathophysiology in nephrotic syndrome is

  A.proteinuria

  B.hypoalbuminemia

  C.hyperlipidemia

  D.edema

  E.hematuria

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• 5使用环磷酰胺治疗肾病，出现何种副作用应停药

  A.白细胞减少至4×109/L

  B.胃肠道反应明显

  C.脱发

  D.出血性膀胱炎

  E.白细胞减少至5×109/L

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• 6The most common complication in primary nephritic syndrome is

  A.electrolyte disturbances

  B.infection

  C.hypercoagulabale state

  D.renal tubular dysfunction

  E.acute renal failure

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• 7Which one is correct for diagnosing steroid-resistance nephrotic syndrome

  A.urinary protein is range from(+++)to(++++)after1〜2weeks of steroid therapy

  B.urinary protein is range from(+++)to(++++)after2〜3weeks of steroid therapy

  C.urinary protein is range from(+++)to(++++)after3〜4weeks of steroid therapy

  D.urinary protein is range from(+++)to(++++)after5〜6weeks of steroid therapy

  E.urinary protein is range from(+++)to(++++)after4〜8weeks of steroid therapy

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• 8Which one is correct for diagnosing nephrotic-range proteinuria

  A.quantitative analysis protein in the urine greater than 10mg/ ( kg • d)

  B.quantitative analysis protein in the urine greater than 20mg/(kg • d)

  C.quantitative analysis protein in the urine greater than 30mg/(kg • d)

  D.quantitative analysis protein in the urine greater than 40mg/(kg • d)

  E.quantitative analysis protein in the urine greater than 50mg/(kg • d)

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• 9The standard of hypoproteinemia in primary nephritic syndrome is

  A.Serum-albumin less than 40g/ L

  B.Serum-albumin less than 30g/ L

  C.Serum-albumin less than 25g/ L

  D.Serum-albumin less than 20g/ L

  E.Serum-albumin less than 15g/ L

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• 10The characteristic of edema in primary nephritic syndrome is

  A.descending，pitting

  B.descending，nonpitting

  C.ascending，pitting

  D.ascending，nonpitting

  E.centrality，nonpitting

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