2018考研英语二真题及答案

2018 考研英语二真题及答案 SectionⅠ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 . In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twentyseven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one. Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments. 1. A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve 答案：D. resolve 考点：词义辨析 解析：文章首段第一句话就交代了全文主旨：Why do people read negative Internetcomments and do other things that will obviously be painful? 人们浏览 网络负面评论信息以及做一些明显令人痛苦的事情的原因。第二句指出原因：因为人们内 心里有一种____不确定因素需求，空格处所需的动词和后面的宾语 uncertainty 构成动宾 结构。A 选项 ignore，忽略，B 选项 protect，保护，C 选项 discuss，讨论，带入空格 后，语义不通顺，所以不正确。D 选项 resolve，解决、消除，“消除不确定性”符合语义”符合语义 要求；故正确答案为 D 选项 resolve。 2. A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret 答案：B. seek 考点：词义辨析 解析：空格所在句指出：这项 新研究表明，这种求知需求如此强烈以至于人们会_____（答 案）来满足他们的好奇心即使他们清楚答案会_____。空格处所填入的词需要和后面隐含的 宾语答案来构成顺畅的语义搭配，只有 B 选项 seek, 试图、设法、寻找,符合要求；A 选 项 refuse,拒绝，C 选 wait,等待，C 选项 regret,遗憾,带入后，语义不通顺。故正确答 案为 B.seek。 3. A.rise B.last C.hurt D.mislead 答案：C.hurt 考点：词义辨析 解析：空格所在句指出：这项 新研究表明，这种求知需求如此强烈以至于人们寻找答案 来满足他们的好奇心即使答案明显 本句中的 even when（即使）构成了前后的对立关 系， 因此空格处所填入的词需和前面的感情色彩词“strong”及语义构成对立，只有 C 选项 hurt （令人痛苦）符合要求；另外此处的 it is clear that the answer will hurt 也和第一句 中的 that will obviously be painful 构成了近义复现。故 C 选项 为正确答案。 4. A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat 答案：B.expose 考点：固定短语 解析：空格所在处，构成了___oneself to sth 结构，只有 D 选项 expose 符合要求,使 某人 暴露在……中，故 B 选项 expose 为正确答案。 5. A.trial B.message C.review D.concept 答案：A.trial 考点：词义辨析 解析：本段段首提到““a series of four experiments”，空格所在句给出其中一个实验的 信息， 只有 A 选项 trail 与 experiment 语义相近，故正确答案为 A 选项 trail。 6. A.remove B.deliver C.weaken D.interrupt 答案：B.deliver 考点：语义逻辑 解析：上文指出：For one trial，each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment。 在一个试验中，研究人员给每位受试者 一堆笔并声称其源于先前的实验。这是实验的背景。下文具体实验展开，Half of the pens would…an electric shock when clicked。 有一半的比在按下的时候会使人触 电。所以比对选项 ，要选择 deliver ，发出，递送。因此 B 为正确答案。 7. A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though 答案：C.When 考点：逻辑关系 解析：上文讲的是 Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged； another 27 were told only…研究人员告知了 27 名受试学生哪些笔是内有玄机，而另 外 27 名学生只知道有些笔是带电的。下文就是具体的发生的实验状态了。当他们独自在 房里时， … 而不是条件 if， unless 或者 转折关系。因此选择 C。 8. A.change B.continue C.disappear D.happen 答案：D.happen 考点：语义逻辑 解析：根据上文的实验背景，试验中 27 个人知道哪些笔是内有玄机，而另外 27 名学生 只知道有些笔是带电的。下面的告知了实验的结论 ：当他们独自在房里时，那些不知哪些 笔带电的学生按下了更多的笔头，比这些受试者多，后面是定语，显然这些受试者是只上 文被告知的人，所以这些人知道 the students who knew what would happen，强调 结果性”符合语义。所以选择 D。 9. A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owing to 答案：A.such as 考点：逻辑关系 解析：上文在之后其他刺激因素的实验中， 后文讲到“具体的实验：指甲刮黑板的声音和令 人生厌的昆虫图片 显然这里需要例证关系，故选择 显然这里需要例证关系，故选择 A。 10.A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget 答案：C.discover 考点：语义逻辑 解析：文章开篇提出：The human drive to resolve uncertainty is so strong …人们 对于寻找答案以消除不确定因素总是乐此不疲。再根据上文的实验，都表示这是一种 discover 的需求，越是不确定的，越好奇。故选择 C。 11.A.pay B.food C.marriage D.schooling 答案：B.food 考点：语义逻辑 解析：这个空出现在卡内基梅隆大学（Carnegie Mellon University）的观点中，前后观 点没有任何转折连词，所以前后句应该一脉相承。前文中 the drive is deeply rooted in human，指的是人类根深蒂固的本性”符合语义，而且后文也说到“ curiosity is a good instinct（本能），探索的动力在人类中根深蒂固，与 食物或避难所的基本动力相当。因 此此处应该选 food。A 选项 pay 支付；C 选项 marriage 婚姻；D 选项 schooling 学 习教育，皆不符合文意。 12. A.begin with B.rest on C.lead to D.learn from 答案：C.lead to 考点：固定搭配 解析：本句意思是：好奇心通常被认为是一种很好的本能——它会________新的科学进 步，此处选择 A 选项 begin with 以…开始，C 选项 lead to 符合文意。B 选项 rest on 取决于；D 选项 learn from 向…学习…学习, 皆不符合文意。 13. A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence 答案：A.inquiry 考点：语义逻辑 解析：but sometimes such ___can backfire。but 一词的出现就说明前后两句话是转 折句义，前文说好奇心会带来新的科学进步；后文的一个指示代词 such 一出现，就证明 和前句的主语是一致的，在此只能选择 curiosity 的近义词，为 A inquiry。B 选项 withdrawal 撤回；C 选项 persistence 坚持； D 选项 diligence 勤奋，皆不符合文 意。 14. A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evident D.self-destructive 答案：D.self-destructive 考点：语义逻辑 解析：The insight that curiosity can drive you to do___ things is a profound one。因为前文有所提示，but sometimes such ___can backfire，有时候好奇心会适 得其反，这句话也是对于 上文的承接，因此这里需要填入的是好奇心带来的副作用的表达，因此选 D selfdestructive 自我毁灭的。A 选项 self-deceptive 自欺欺人的，B 选项 self-reliant 自力 更生的；C 选项 self-evident 显而易见的, 皆不符合文意。 15. A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist 答案：D.resist 考点：语义逻辑解析：Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___， however。 这句话之 后出现了论据，用以撑前文的论点：In a final experiment， participants who were encouraged to predict how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to choose to see such an image，在最后的实验中，那些 积极预测自己目睹不太悦目图片 显然这里需要例证关系，故选择 感受的受试者，他们选择 此类图片 显然这里需要例证关系，故选择 的可能性”符合语义较小。此处 picture were less likely to choose to see such an image=resist，是对于本段论点 句的同义复现，因为选择 D 选项 resist。A 选项 trace 追踪，B 选项 define 定义； C 选项 replace 替代,皆不符合文意。 16. A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict 答案：D.predict 考点：语义逻辑 解析：本段首句是本段的中心：然而，抵制病态的好奇心理是并非不可能。所以可以预测 出这一段会围绕抵制病态的好奇心会有什么好的影响。In a final experiment，participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.16 题所在句子是 participants 的后置定语，用来修饰受测者，他们积极地去如 何，与 后面定语从句中目睹不太愉悦的照片 显然这里需要例证关系，故选择 后他们将（would）会有什么样的感觉，可以 得出是提前想象出来的，故选择 D predict，预测。 17. A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretend 答案：A.choose 考点：语义逻辑 解析：此题所在句子结构化简后是 participants were less likely to 17 to see such an image。 这里面的 such image 指的是上面提到“的 an unpleasant picture，所以既然已经知道 图片 显然这里需要例证关系，故选择 会带来不愉悦的感觉，就不可能去选择 了，故选择 A choose 选择 。 18. A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty 答案：B.outcome 考点：语义逻辑 解析：These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one‘s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor。 18 题所在位置是 the 18 offollowing through on one’s curiosity ahead of time 此 短语是 imagining 同位语，用来解释 imagining：为利用好奇心可提前想象的结果。所 以此题选择 是 B。 19. A.how B.why C.where D.whether 答案：D.whether 考点：逻辑关系 解析：imagining can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor。这种结果可以 帮助人们决定它们。。。值得一试。根据句间逻辑关系，这些研究结果表明，利用好奇心 可提前想象事件 的结果，从而帮助人们决定它们是否值得一试。故 D whether 为正确选 项 。 20. A.limitations B.investments C.consequences D.strategies 答案：C.consequences 考点：词义辨析 解析：“Thinking about long-term 20 is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity，” 思考长期......才是减轻好奇心负面消极影响的关键所在。负面消 极影响是好奇心带来的，所以要考虑这种长期的影响，A 选项 limitations 限制，B 选项 investment 投资, D 选项 strategies 策略, 都不符合语境，故 C 选项 为正确选项 。 Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future. Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain? As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle. But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says. On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so. But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens more doors.But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained. In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap. Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fitsall,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts. 21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of . A.academic training B.practical ability C.pioneering spirit D.mechanical memorization 答案 B. practical ability 这是一道细节题，根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是”什么时候这种观点 变得可接受了呢?学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字，但是却完全对坏了的自行车 链束手无策”。从作者使用问句的形式就可判断出作者并不接受这种观点，即学生只学会书 本上的知识而不具备实际能力。再结合上一句话即本段第二句话，Mr Koziatek 是 New Hampshire 高中的一名老师，在这所学校，学习不只是书本上的知识，或者是为了考 试，也不是为了机械化的记忆，而是为了实际的技能。能看出，作者认为学生们缺少的是 实际技能，所以答案是 B.practical ability. 22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who. A.have a stereotyped mind B.have no career motivation C.are financially disadvantaged D.are not academically successful