2019考研英语一真题及答案

2019 考研英语一真题及答案 Section ⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 can’t find north, a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land... When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should 10 see signs of people. If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings. Another 12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 , even in dense forest, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution. 18 , assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization. 1. [A]Some [B]Most [C]Few [D]All 2. [A]put[B]take[C]run [D]come 3. [A]Since [B] If [C] Though [D]Until 4. [A]formally [B] relatively [C] gradually [D] literally 5. [A] back [B] next [C] around [D] away 6. [A]onto [B]off[C]across [D]alone 7. [A]unattractive[B] uncrowded [C]unchanged [D]unfamiliar 8. [A] site[B]point [C]way [D]place 9. [A] So [B] Yet [C]Instead [D]Besides 10. [A]immediately [B] intentionally [C]unexpectedly [D] eventually 11. [A]surprised [B]annoyed [C]frightened [D]confused 12. [A] problem [B]option [C]view [D]result 13. [A] Above all [B]In contrast [C] On average [D] For example 14. [A]bridge [B]avoid [C]spot [D]separate 15. [A] from [B] through [C]beyond [D] under 16. [A] posts [B]links [C]shades [D]breaks 17. [A] artificial [B] mysterious [C] hidden [D] limited 18. [A] Finally [B] Consequently [C] incidentally [D] Generally 19. [A] memories [B] marks [C] notes [D] belongings 20. [A] restrict [B] adopt [C] lead [D] expose 1-20 参考答案及解析： 1. 生活在一个 GPS 系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程序都在我们的智能手机上轻易获取”。 空格之后的语句与前面语义方向一致，再考虑到句中的 without a phone，可知，此处需 要双重否定表达肯定，所以，选择 few，符合文意； 2. 【C】run 固定搭配；此题考查与介词 on 的搭配情况；run on battery 表示手机使用 电池得以运行；其他选项的搭配为：put on（增加；假装；使…上场）；增加；假装；使…上场）；take on（增加；假装；使…上场）；承担； 呈现；具有；流行）；come on（增加；假装；使…上场）； 快点；开始；要求；上演；）；语义搭配不通顺，故快点；开始；要求；上演；）；语义搭配不通顺，故 选择 run on 搭配； 3. 【B】If 逻辑关系；此处考查逻辑关系。空格处所在句为“... 你在没有电话或指南针的 情况下迷路，...找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航...文明”；前后句之间构成假 设的逻辑关系，所以选择 if；其余选项：since（增加；假装；使…上场）；因为，自从）； 快点；开始；要求；上演；）；语义搭配不通顺，故though（增加；假装；使…上场）；虽然）； 快点；开始；要求；上演；）；语义搭配不通顺，故 until（增加；假装；使…上场）；直到） 快点；开始；要求；上演；）；语义搭配不通顺，故代入后，不符合语义表达； 4. 【D】literally 词义辨析题；空格处所在句为“假如你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷 路，...找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航...文明”；literally 表示确实地，真正 地；符合语义表达；其余选项：formally（增加；假装；使…上场）；正式地）；relatively（增加；假装；使…上场）；相对地）； gradually（增加；假装；使…上场）；逐渐地）不符合语义表达； 5. 【A】back 词义辨析题；出题处的语义表达“我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航...文明”， 只有 back 与前文的 lost（增加；假装；使…上场）；迷路）形成相互呼应，故而选择 back； 6. 【B】off 词义辨析题；空格所在句提到“为当你发现自己...路径。 快点；开始；要求；上演；）；语义搭配不通顺，故但不是完全...的 区域。你需要回答两个问题：在这个特殊区域中，哪个..是下坡路？哪里有最近的水源?” 因此，根据句意表达，off(远离， 快点；开始；要求；上演；）；语义搭配不通顺，故离开）符合句意；其它选项：onto（增加；假装；使…上场）；在…之上；对…了 解）；across (穿过，根穿)，alone (独白地，单独地)，故选择 off； 7. 【D】unfamiliar 词义辨析题；根据出题处的语义表达，“为当你发现自己...路径。 快点；开始；要求；上演；）；语义搭配不通顺，故但 不是完全...的区域”，语义搭配，unfamiliar 更符合要求；其他选项：unattractive (不吸 引人的)； uncrowded (不利挤的，宽敞的)；C 选项 unchanged (未改变的，无变化的)；不符合语 义表达； 8. 【C】way 词义辨析题；根据出题处的语境表述“你需要回答两个问题：在这个特殊区域 中，哪个...是下坡路？哪里有最近的水源?”因此只有 way 符合要求；其他选项：site（增加；假装；使…上场）；地 点；位置；场所）；point（增加；假装；使…上场）；要点；得分；标点）；place（增加；假装；使…上场）；地方；住所；座位），不符合 句意表达； 9. 【A】so 逻辑关系题；出题句指出“生活在山谷里的人，基本上需要淡水为生，...如果 你下山，沿着水走，你会发现人类的踪迹...”，此处语义逻辑很明显，考察因果逻辑关系； 故选择 so，其它选项：yet（增加；假装；使…上场）；但是，然而）； 快点；开始；要求；上演；）；语义搭配不通顺，故instead（增加；假装；使…上场）；反而，替代）； 快点；开始；要求；上演；）；语义搭配不通顺，故besides（增加；假装；使…上场）；此外， 而且）；不符合句义要求； 10. 【D】eventually 词义辨析题；出题句提及“...如果你下山，沿着水走，你会发现人类 的踪迹...”，只有 eventually（增加；假装；使…上场）；最后，终于）符合题目要求，语义通顺；其它选项： immediately （增加；假装；使…上场）；立即，立刻）；intentionally（增加；假装；使…上场）；故意地，有意地）；unexpectedly （增加；假装；使…上场）；出乎意料地）；不符合语义表达，故排除； 11. 【A】surprised 词义辨析题；出题句提及“如果你之前去过这个地方，一定要注意熟 悉景象，你或许会...快速识别出一块特征明显的石头或者树木来唤起你的记忆”；此处只有 surprised 符合题目要求；其他选项带有明显的贬义色彩，故不符合； 12. 【B】option 词义辨析题；本文第一段中提到“如果你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷 路了，而且你真的找不到北方，我们会有一些技巧可言帮助你回到文明社会”，此处考查的 地方就是前文提及的“另一个...：登到高处寻找有人类居住的标志”；只有 option（增加；假装；使…上场）；选择） 符合句义及情感色彩要求； 13. 【D】For example 逻辑关系题；出题句前后构抽象到具体的例证关系（增加；假装；使…上场）；前文提到“另 一个选择就是登高寻找有人类居住的标志”，与后文的 look for signs 形成抽象到具体的过 程），故选择 For example； 14. 【C】spot 词义辨析题；此题需借助前面的语义内容及逻辑关系辅助做题；此处需填 入的动词和 look for 语义相近，故选择 spot（增加；假装；使…上场）；发现），符合语义表达；其他选项： bridge（增加；假装；使…上场）；架桥，渡过）；avoid（增加；假装；使…上场）；避开，消除）；separate（增加；假装；使…上场）；分开）；不符合语义要求； 15. 【B】through 词义辨析题；分析：本题为语义题及固定搭配题，考查 carve 与 woods 之间的关系，根据常识可知，路应该是穿过森林开凿出来的，故本句意为穿过森林 开凿出的公路，故 B 选项 through 为正确答案。 16. 【D】breaks 语义辨析题；本题为语义题，根据上一句信息，因为人为原因而造成的 gaps in the tree line，不难判断，朝着有树木缺口的地方走，就能找到出去的路，故 D 选项 breaks 为正确答案。 17. 【A】artificial 词义辨析题及逻辑关系题；因题干中 such as 表示举例关系，故我们 首先根据例子信息可以判断文中 fires and streetlights 可以确定火与街灯的共同特征是 人造光源，故本题 A 选项 artificial 为正确答案。 18. 【A】Finally 语义题；文章后面指出假设你在人类常去的地方迷路，寻找我们在地面 上留下的······，因前文已经举例说明了几种情况，如当你在一个并非完全不熟悉的环境中 迷路······，可知此处应是最后一种假设情况，故本题 A 选项 finally 为正确答案。 19. 【B】mark 词义辨析题；根据常识，在人类常去的地方，地面上必定有很多标志，故 寻找我们在地面上留下的标志，在此处更符合文意，故本题 B 选项 marks 为正确答案。 20. 【C】lead 词义辨析题；道路上的树皮刻痕、轮胎印和其他特征能够指引你去有人烟 的地方，此外，本题处的单词应该与前文中的 navigate 同义，故本题 C 选项 lead 为正确 答案。 Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but also bu all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations. “Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last. The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism”. In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shortens attention spans in financial markers. “There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week. In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “ a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance. Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France,