2020考研英语二真题及答案

2020 考研英语二真题及答案 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling. __3__, there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids. I understand this. You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and does nobody any good. You wish that you could __11__ the clock and start over. We’ve all been there. __12__, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may __13__ for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also __14__ your child’s self-esteem. If you consistently lose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills. Certainly, it’s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally. 1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky 2. A in addition B for example C at once D by accident 3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually 4. A amuse B assist C describe D train 5. A while B because C unless D once 6. A answer B task C choice D access 7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical 8. A move B drag C push D send 9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable 10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague 11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up 12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise 13. A like B miss C believe D regret 14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect 15. A time B bond C race D cool 16. A nature B secret C importance D context 17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted 18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong 19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising 20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape 今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。讲的是家长对孩子要有耐心 属于比较生活的话题。下面我们一起来看一下答案及解析。 1.【答案】D tricky 【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。文章首段首句为主题句：每位父母都想成为好 的父母。空格句开头为 but，句意上出现了转折，“但是如何定义好的父母是个难题” ， since 后给出了原因，“因为不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的”。 tricky 意为 “棘手的，困难的”，符合句意。 2.【答案】B for example 【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。前面说了不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不 同的，此句为例证，如果换一种养育方式，一个冷静而听话的孩子可能会比他的弟弟或妹 妹反应更好些。所以用表示举例分析的 for example 最合适，其他选项另外、偶尔、意外 地都不合适。 3.【答案】A Fortunately 【解析】此处考察副词词义辨析+上下文语境。空格所在句指出：还有一类父母描述起来 会容易一些，这类就是非常耐心的父母。第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个 难题，这里在上下文文义上是个转折，幸运地是/还好，有一类父母比较容易定义，并且各 个年龄段的孩子都可以从他们的养育方式中获益。故选 Fortunately，其他选项偶尔，对 应地，最终地都不合适。 4.【答案】C describe 【解析】 此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父 母是个难题，第二段出现转折说但是有一类父母很好描述/定义，describe 与 define 相呼 应，故选 C 符合句意。 5.【答案】A while 【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。空格所在句指出：虽然每位父母都想成为耐心的父母 但这并不容易。逗号前后为转折关系，四个选项中 while 表转折，选 A 符合句意。 6.【答案】B task 【解析】此处考察名词词义辨析。虽然每位父母都想成为耐心的父母，但这不是个容易的 差事/任务。task 意为任务，其余选项答案，选择，途径/权限都不合适，故选 B 符合句意 7.【答案】A tolerant 【解析】此处考察形容词词义辨析。空格所在句指出有时父母会很累很沮丧，这时候对待 孩子就很难沉着冷静（composed）和包容。和包容。tolerant 意为包容的，故选 A 符合句意。 8.【答案】C push 【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。你也不是圣人/你也只是普通人，而且有时 候孩子会把你逼的很紧。push 为催促/紧逼，此处 move（移动，使感动）和包容。，drag（拖 拽）和包容。，send（发送）和包容。均不符合句意，故选 C。 9.【答案】D inevitable 【解析】此处考察形容词词意辨析+上下文语境。空格前一句指出：有时候孩子会把你逼 的很紧。空格后一句指出你会失去耐心，对孩子大吼大叫。那么这是孩子把你逼的很紧的 必然结果，inevitable 为无法避免的/必然的，故选 D 符合句意。 10.【答案】C harsh 【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。空格句句意：你会失去耐心并对孩子大吼大叫 ， 而且有时候会说一些很伤人/刻薄的话，对每个人都没好处。根据上下文，something 后 面的形容词一定是贬义的，harsh 为刺耳的/严格的，故选 C。 11.【答案】A turn back 【解析】此处考察动词搭配+上下文语境。空格句句意：你会希望时间倒流，一切重新再 来。turn back 为（使）和包容。往回走，take apart 为拆开/拆解，set aside 为把....放一旁/不 理会，cover up 为盖起来，均不符合句意，故选 A。 12.【答案】C however 【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。空格句指出：然而，即使是这是很普遍的现象，我们 还是要牢记，哪怕只是一点点的疲惫，都会让你对孩子说一些你会后悔很久的话。上一段 描 述 了 一 般 情 况 下 父 母 是 如 何 对 孩 子 失 去 耐 心 ， 并 且 这 很 普 遍 （ We've all been there/it's common)，空格句对比上一段发生了转折，故选 C。 13.【答案】D regret 【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。上一段描述了父母如何对孩子失去耐心， 然后又希望时间倒流一切重新再来，那么疲惫时对孩子说的话一定是会让你后悔 （regret）和包容。的，其他选项喜欢，错过，相信均不符合上下文，故选 D。 14.【答案】B affect 【解析】考察动宾搭配。结合原文语境，“这也许不仅会伤害你和孩子之间的关系，而且 会...你的孩子的自尊”所以这里填上一个动词 接后面的宾语自尊心，所以答案只能是 affect,“影响自尊心”。而 raise 提高，养育；justify 证明合理性；reflect 影响，均不能合 理搭配。 15.【答案】D cool 【解析】本题考察动宾搭配，也是主题复现，cool 有“冷静之意。“如果你总是对你的孩子 失去...,”本文一直在探讨的主题就是对孩子要有耐心，因此符合题意的只能是 cool, 而 time 时间，bond 结合，纽带，race 比赛，种族都不符合这里的语境。 16.【答案】C importance 【解析】本题考察名词的修饰关系，A of B 的结构中填名词 A，主要参照后面 of 结构对它 的修饰作用。Of 结构在这里表示“建立对孩子宽容和耐心的 ...”联系前面说”我们越来越重 视...”因此符合题意的应该是 importance“重要性”nature，自然、天性；secret 秘密， context 环境。 17.【答案】D confronted 【解析】本题考查动宾搭配，根据本题语境，“事实上，在....压力时情绪调节或维持情绪 控制的能力是所有生活技能中最重要的一项”，压力前面应该搭配“面对”故选择 confronted 其他的 cheated 欺骗，defeated 打败，confused 困惑均不符合。 18.【答案】B hard 【解析】此处考察表语形容词。主要参照跟前面的 incredible 加起来表示“不可避免的... 一直对孩子保持耐心”可以先看选项 terrible 糟糕的，strange 奇怪的，wrong 错误的， 这三个都不能放在此处形成合理搭配，所以 hard 更合适。 19.【答案】A trying 【解析】本题考察修饰关系。根据原文语境“一个更实际的目标是去尝试，尽你最大的能力， 当你面对涉及孩子的...情况时，尽可能地宽容和冷静” 需要父母宽容和冷静的应该是不太 好的情况，答案 trying 做形容词表示“令人厌烦的”最合适。changing 变化，exciting 激 动人心的 surprising 令人惊讶的，均不能体现这里的含义。 20.【答案】B emerge 【解析】考察动宾搭配，这里的句义是“朝着这个目标努力的结果是，你和你的孩子将受益 并从很有压力的这些时候...，在身体和情感上感觉更好”。只有“浮现，出现”最符合，所以 选择 emerge， 而 hide 隐藏，withdraw 撤退，escape 逃避均为负面含义，故不符合。 Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （ 40 points）和包容。 Text 1 Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats. They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat- one social and one asocial 一 for 5 our days. The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings. During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever. Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn. The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We' d assumed we' d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessary, ”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research. The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals.“ We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles. 21. Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can________ [A] pickup social signals from non-living rats [B] distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one [C] attain sociable traits through special training [D] send out warning messages to their fellow 22. What did the social robot do during the experiment? [A] It followed the social robot. [B]It played with some toys. [C] It set the trapped rats free. [D]It moved around alone. 23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they________ [A] tried to practice a means of escape [B] expected it to do the same in return [C] wanted to display their intelligence [D]considered that an interesting game 24. James Wiles notes that rats________ [A]can remember other rat's facial features [B] differentiate smells better than sizes [C] respond more to cations than to looks [D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels 25. It can be learned from the text that rats________ [A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings [B] are more socially active than other animals C] behave differently from children in socializing [D]are more sensitive to social cues than expected 21. 【答案】A pick up social signals from non-living rats 解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词 Quinn and her colleagues 和 a test 定位到第一段第二句。To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats. 为了查明这是否延伸到了 非生物，Quinn 和她的同事测试了老鼠能否从机器老鼠身上探测到社会信号。正确答案 A 是原文的同义替换。选项 B 的 distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one 区分友好 的 老 鼠 和 敌 对 的 老 鼠 ， 并 未 提 及 ， 是 常 识 性 干 扰 。 选 项 C 的 attain sociable traits through special training 通过特殊训练获得社交品质，原文并未提及，属于无中生有。