2013年山东大学考博英语真题

2013 年山东大学考博英语真题 Part I Grammar and Vocabulary 1. The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that __________ the speakers stopped for deferments. A. at large B. at intervals C. at ease D. at random 2. When traveling, you are advised to take travelers’ checks, which provide a secure__________ to carrying your money in cash. A. substitute B. selection C. inference D. alternative 3. I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a character. A. gracious B. suspicious C. unique D. particular 4. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this__________produces artificial cold surrounding it. A. absorption B. transition C. consumption D. interaction 5. Language, culture, and personality may be considered__________of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact. A. Indistinctly B. separately C. irrelevantly D. independently 6. Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th__________the birth of Jesus Christ. A. in accordance with B. in terms of C. in favor of D. in honor of 7. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must __________the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand. A. improve B. enhance C. guarantee D. gear 8. To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose the catalogues showing various products handled by us with detailed __________and means of packing. A. specimens B. inspections C. samples D. specifications 9. Many of the conditions that __________population pressures --overcrowding, unemployment, poverty, hunger and illness --- lead to dissatisfaction. A. bring forward B. give rise to C. feed up with D. result from 10. Arriving anywhere with these possessions, he might just as easily__________for a month or a year as for a single day. A. put up B. stay up C. speed up D. make up 11. The fact that the earth’s surface heats__________provides a convenient way to divide it into temperature region. A. infrequently B. irregularly C. unsteadily D. uneverny 12. If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mockingbird __________a set of actions to protect its offspring. A. hastens B. releases C. devises D. initiates 13. How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas can be__________to tourist spending? A. attributed B. applied C. contributed D. attached 14. Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and __________for us in an advanced age; and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old. A. ingredient B. reliance C. shelter D. inclination 15. Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to __________wonderful bargains in the market. A. pick up B. bump into C. pile up D. bring back 16. Scientists are searching for the oldest tree __________because it can teach them a great deal about many issues related with climate change. A. lively B. alive C. living D. live 17. The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City __________shock and anger throughout the world. A. tempted B. provoked C. summoned D. enveloped 18. A 1994 World Bank report concluded that __________girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today. A. enrolling B. assigning C. involving D. consenting 19. The UN official said aid programs will be __________until there is adequate protection for relief personnel. A. multiplied B. arrested C. spanned D. suspended 20. Despite almost universal__________of the vital importance of women’s literacy, education remains a dream for many women in far too many countries of the world. A. confession B. identification C. acknowledgement D. compliment 21. Since the island soil has been barren for so many years, the natives must now __________much of their food. A. deliver B. import C. produce D. develop 22. Because Jenkins neither __________nor defends either management or the striking workers, both aides admire his journalistic A. criticizes...acumen B. attacks…neutrality C. confronts…aptitude D. dismisses…flair 23. Some anthropologists claim that a few aps have been taught a rudimentary sign languages, but skeptics argue that the apes are only __________their trainers. A. imitating B. condoning C. instructing D. acknowledging 24. It is ironic that the__________insights of the great thinkers are voiced so often that they have become mere A. oriinal… cliches B. banal… beliefs C. dubious… habits D. philosophical-questions 25. The most frustrating periods of any diet are the inevitable__________, when weight loss if not stops. A. moods… accelerates B. feasts… halts C. holidays… contracts D. plateaus… slows 26. Since the author’s unflattering references to her friends were so__________, she was surprised that her__________were recognized. A. laudatory… styles B. obvious… anecdotes C. oblique… allusions D. critical… eulogies 27. If it is true that morality cannot exist without religion, then does not the erosion of religion herald the __________of moraliy? A, regulation B. basis C. belief D. collapse 28. Certain animal behaviors, such as mating rituals, seem to be __________, and therefore external factors such as climate changes, food supply, or the presence of other animals of the same species. A. learned… immune to B. innate… unaffected by C. intricate… belong to D. specific… confused with 29. Shaken by two decades of virtual anarchy, the majority of people were ready to buy __________at any price. A. order B. emancipation C. hope D. liberty 30. As a person who combines care with _________, Marisa completed her duties with__________as well as zeal. A. levity… resignation B. enthusiasm… meticulousness C. vitality… willingness D. empathy… rigor PartⅡ Close The study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new industry called biotechnology. As the name __31__ , it combines biology and modern technology through such __32__ as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, __33__ in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent (取得专利) seeds that give a high yield ( 产量), that __34__ disease, drought and frost, and that reduce the need for dangerous chemicals. __35__ such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised __36__ about genetically engineered crops. "In nature, genetic diversity ( 多样性) is created within certain limits," says the book Genetic Engineering, Food and Our Environment. "A rose can be crossed(杂交) with a different kind of rose, but a lose will __37__ cross with a potato ..." Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to __38__ a desired property or character. This could mean, __39__ , selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frostresistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes __40__ from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans. __41__ , then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that __42__ species. Like the green revolution, (43)what some call the gene revolution (44)contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity ( 千 篇 一 律 ) –some say even more so (45)because geneticists can employ techniques such (46)as cloning and organ culture, processes that produce perfectly (47)identical copies, or clones. Concerns about the biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new(48) issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. ―We are flying blindly into a new (49) of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potensial (50) , ‖ said science writer Jeremy Rifkin. 31. A. suggests B. recalls C. concerns D. advises 32. A. concepts B. views C. techniques D. courses 33. A. participate B. focus C. specialize D. involve 34. A. treat B. avoid C. oppose D. resist 35. A. If B. Unless C. Since D. As 36. A. demands B. topics C. concerns D. lessons 37. A. sometimes B. never C. frequently D. eventually 38. A. convey B. transfer C. select D. collect 39. A. for example B. for one thing C. on one hand D. in any case 40. A. resulted B. evolved C. injected D. taken 41. A. In contrast B. In that C. In case D. In essence 42. A. separate B. form C. create D. vary 43. A. what B. where C. as D. so 44. A. combines B.contributes C.commands D. breaks 45. A. that B.because C. if D. when 46. A. like B. for example C. as D. is 47. A. resembling B. alike C. similar D. identical 48. A. issues B. height C. difficulties D. goals 49. A. spot B. era C. deadline D. scheme 50. A. navigations B. mystery C. outcomes D. destinations Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Passage 1 The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be ―all things to all people‖. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, driven by careerism, ―the nation’s colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials ( 文 凭 ) than in providing a quality education for their students. ―The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an integrated core of common learning. Such a core would introduce students to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus. ― Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed: ―Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most.‖ Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicated themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure ( 终 身 任 期 ), promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculties say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that ―There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications.‖ 51. When a college tries to be ―all things to al people‖ (Lines 1-2, Para. 1) it aims to ________. A) satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneously B) focus on training students in various skills C) encourage students to take as many courses as possible D) make learning serve academic rather than productive ends 52. By saying that ―in too many academic fields, the work has no context‖ (Lines 4-5, Pare. 1) the author means that the teaching in these areas ________. A) ignores the actual situation B) is not based on the right perspective C) only focuses on an integrated core of common learning D) gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students 53. One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that ________. A) a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many colleges B) students don’t have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learn C) skills are being taught as a means to an end D) students are only interested in obtaining credentials 54. American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their fouryear degree candidates because ________. A) most of them lack high-quality faculties B) the interests of most faculty members lie in research C) there are not enough incentives for students to study hard D) they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching 55. It can be inferred from the passage that high-quality college education calls for ________. A) putting academic work in the proper context 来 源 ： www.examda.com B) a commitment to students and effective teaching C) the practice of putting leaning to productive ends D) dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledge 51. C 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. B Passage 2 Endangered Species Endangered species are plants and animals that are in