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2019解放军文职招聘考试教育学英语知识点12

来源: 2019-04-28 08:05

 

三、 常见习惯用语

(一) 知识概要

由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处,所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写,或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一 个小女孩十分好看,可爱,外国人见到时会讲: You are so beautiful? 这时的答语应该是 Thank you? 如果外国人发现你的英语不错,他们会讲: Your English is very good? 这时中国人常常会说:不,我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语,但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是 Thank you? 虽然交际英语有一些规律可讲,但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯,了解他们的文化背景,历史渊源,这样才能真正的学好一门外语。

(二) 正误辨析

[误] - What can I do for you?

- Yes, please help me?

[正] - What can I do for you?

- I'd like to buy a sweater?

[析] What can I do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多,要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为:您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为:我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。

[误] - Which colour do you like?

- Sorry, I don't like?

[正] - Which colour do you like?

- I prefer blue?

[析] 由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择,而不能泛指,泛泛的回答。如 Yes, I like it?

[误] Do you like to come with us tonight?

[正] Would you like to come with us tonight?

[析] Do you like … 问的是对方的习惯,如: Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种:

Shall we go? 我们走吧!

Let's go? 让我们走吧!

How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何?

What about a cup of coffee? 喝杯咖啡如何?

Why not buy it? 为什么不买呢?

其肯定答语一般为Certainly, Yes, O.K. All right, With pleasure?

[误] Sorry, I've kept you waiting?

Not at all?

[正] Sorry, I've kept you waiting?

Never mind?

[析] "介意不介意"这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如:

- Do you mind my smoking here? - _________

A. Yes, do it please?

B. No, of course not?

C. Yes, take it please?

D. No, you can't take it?

这时正确的选择应是B。 其意为:不介意,当然不。而A选项则自相矛盾了,它应译为:是的我介意,请抽吧。而D选项是:不介意,你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时,可以有以下问法:

Do you mind if I open the door?

Would you mind mailing the letter for me?

其答语如果是同意应为: Certainly not, not at all?

而不同意时应为 Yes, 或 I'm sorry?

[误] What's that man?

He is Mike?

[正] What's that man?

He is a teacher?

[正] Who's that man?

He is Mike? (He is Mike's father?)

[析] 由 what 提问是问的职业,由 who 提问问的是姓名或身份。

[误] - How much are they?

- Half a kilo, please?

[正] - How many bananas do you want?

- Half a kilo? Please?

[析] How much are they? 问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。

[误] I'm sorry, but is this the way to the park?

[正] Excuse me, but is this the way to the park?

[析] I'm sorry 是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而 Excuse me? 是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。

[误] - Have a good time tonight!

- You are the same?

[正] - Have a good time tonight!

- The same to you?

[析] The same to you 是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚,它是美语中的习惯用法。

[误] - What's the problem?

- I've got a headache?

[正] What's wrong with you?

I've got a headache?

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