2019解放军文职招聘考试教育学英语知识点34

来源： 2019-04-28 08:09中

(二) 正误辨析

［误］ She laid down and soon fell asleep.

［正］ She lay down and soon fell asleep.

［析］考试中常出现的是易混动词lay放，lie躺，lie说谎。它们的过去时、过去分词和现在分词变化如下：

lay (放) laid， laid， laying (及物动词)

lie (躺) lay， lain， lying (不及物动词)

lie (说谎) lied， lied， lying

［误］ Please rise your hand.

［正］ Please raise your hand.

［析］ rise 是不及物动词，其后不能接宾语，如：The sun rises in the east.而raise是及物动词。

［误］ I like to swim very much, but I don't like swimming this afternoon.

［正］ I like swimming very much, but I don't like to swim this afternoon.

［析］ like作为"喜欢"讲时，可以接动名词也可以接不定式，但接动名词时多表达一种习惯性动作。而接不定式则侧重于表达一次性、特殊性的动作。　但要注意的是like 与would连用时则一定要接不定式，如：Would you like to go with me?　再有一点要注意的是，like作为介词"像"讲时，只能用分词作其宾语。

［误］ Stop! Did you listen to a strange voice?

［正］ Stop! Did you hear a strange voice?

［析］ hear的侧重点是听到、听见什么，而listen to 的侧重点为听的倾向，如：listen! Do you hear someone calling help?这样的词还有look与see。它们的侧重点也不同，look重于"看"的倾向，而see重于看见没看见。

［误］ Did you watch some film recently?

［正］ Did you see some film recently?

［析］英语中see 与 watch 各有不同的用处，see用于看电影、剧目，而watch用作看电视和看球赛。

［误］ Look. A beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling.

［正］ Look. A beautiful lamp hung from the ceiling.

［析］ hang有两个含义，① "挂"，它的过去时与过去分词是hung， hung;② "绞刑"，这时它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词则为hanged， hanged。

［误］ How long can I borrow this book?

［正］ How long can I keep this book?

［析］ "借"在英文中有三个词，① 借入，即borrow,如：May I borrow some books from the library?② 借出，如：I can lend my bike to you.③ 借多久要用keep, 因为borrow与lend都是截止性动词，而keep是延续性动词。如 How long can I keep it?

［误］ We have won your class.

［正］ We have beaten your class.

［析］ win是及物动词，其后面的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金。而beat的宾语，应是人、队、班级等等，如：We won the game.

［误］ I left my key.

［正］ I forgot my key.

［正］ I left my key at home.

［析］ leave是"丢下"，其后一定要接地点状语，而forget其后不要接地点状语。

［误］ Oh! It's raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with you.

［正］ Oh! It's raining outside. Please take this rain coat with you.

［析］ bring为"带来"如：Next time bring your little sister here.而take为"带走"，fetch为"去某处取什么回来"，如：Please fetch some coffee for us?　要熟记的是在初中课文中与take有关的词组，如：　 take away 拿走 take back 收回 take down 取下　take off 脱下 take…out 拿出 take place 发生　 take hold of 拿住 take part in 参加 take a seat 坐下　take one's place 替代 take a look 看看 take one's turn 轮流　 take a message 捎信 take care of 照看 take it easy 别着急　take one's time 慢慢来 take one's temperature 测量体温

［误］ The policeman reached his gun.

［正］ The policeman reached for his gun.

［析］ reach作"到达"讲时是及物动词，如：I reached the hotel at 8∶30?但作"伸手去拿"，则要用reach for something。作为"到达"讲时还有arrive (in+大地方)(at＋较小的地方)和get to.要注意的是与get有关的词组有：　 get back 回来 get in 收割 get into 进入 get off 下车　 get on 上车 get out 出去 get up 起床 get to 到达　 get ready for=be ready for 　 get on well with 与人相处融洽　 get 加比较级为变得如何，例如：　 get colder and colder.

［误］ This dictionary spent me five dollars.

［正］ This dictionary cost me five dollars.

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