2019解放军文职招聘考试教育学英语知识点38

来源： 2019-04-28 08:10中

［析］在描述过去某一具体时刻的动作或从某时到某时一段时间内正在进行的动作要用过去进行时，如：I was washing clothes from eight till noon last Sunday?

［误］ My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go with them, because I have seen it before.

［正］ My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go with them because I had seen it before.

［析］现在完成时与过去完成时的相同之处是其动作均开始于过去的某一点，它的差别在于该动作是截止到什么时候。如动作截止到现在用现在完成时；如动作截止到过去，用过去完成时。例如：I've learnt English for three years.(到现在为止)又如：Before I went to college, I had learnt English for three years. (动作截止到上大学那时，即截止于过去)

［误］ I'm feeling well now.

［正］ I feel well now.

［析］瞬间动词有些无进行时态，它们是：　表示思维状态的词：believe, feel, forget, imagine, know, mean, need, prefer, remember, understand, want　表示感情的动词：care, like, do like, love, mind, hate, fear　表示状态的词：belong, own　感观动词： feel, hear, see， smell, taste

［误］ When have you done this work?

［正］ When did you do this work?

［析］ when提问的是一个时间点不可用于完成时态的问句中。

［误］ This is our new English teacher. He has gone to many foreign countries.

［正］ This is our new English teacher. He has been to many foreign countries.

［析］ have gone to 是到某地去了，此人现在不在这里。have been to 是到过某地，现在此人在说话现场。

［误］ I have borrowed this book for two weeks.

［正］ I have kept this book for two weeks.

［析］截止性动词有完成时态，但不可和与表达一段时间的时间状语连用。如：When I got to the cinema the film had begun.　但要讲When I got to the cinema the film had be on for five minutes 这样的用法还有buy, join, die, 如：I bought this book yesterday.我昨天买的这本书。　 I have had this book for two days. 这本书我已买了两天了。

I joined the club two years ago.两年前我加入了这个俱乐部。

I have been in this club for two years. 我加入这个俱乐部已两年了。

My father died five years ago. 我父亲是5年前去世的。

My father has been dead for five years. 我父亲已去世5年了。

［误］ Have you understood the lessons?

［正］ Do you understand the lessons?

［析］有些动词不易用完成时态，它们是understand, think, believe, know (知道)

［误］ It was said that the Second World War had broken out in 1939.

［误］ It was said that the Second World War was broken out in 1939.

［析］在讲述过去的历史事件时，总要用过去时而不要用完成时，而且happen, break out, take place作为发生讲时均没有被动语态。

［误］ When I walked along the street. I happened to meet an old friend.

［正］ When I was walking along the street I happened to meet an old friend.

［析］在一个长动作发生或进行的过程中，某一突然事件发生，这时长动作应用进行时(现在进行时或过去进行时)，而突发性动作用一般时(一般现在时或一般过去时)，如：When my father is reading a newspaper the telephone rings.

［误］ Please buy a book for me.

［正］ Please buy me a book.

［正］ Please buy a book to me.

［析］在接双宾语的动词后面的两个宾语，一个是直接宾语，一个是间接宾语，如：Buy me a book中me是间接宾语，而a book是直接宾语。如果将直接宾语前置，其后应加to，如： Tell me a story. Tell a story to me. Give me a book. Give a book to me.

［误］ He was seen come into the book store.

［正］ He was seen to come into the book store.

［析］在主动语态中，有时可以加不带to的不定式作宾语，如：I saw him come into the book store.但如果变为被动语态时，则要将省略的to还原。当然这些动词还可以加动名词作宾语，如： I saw him coming into the book store, 如变为被动语态时，则没有变化。如：He was seen coming into the book store.

［误］ How nice the book is! Is it sold well?

［正］ How nice the book is! Does it sell well?

［析］有些动词可以表示一种动作，但也可以用来表示某种性质，表示动作时可用被动语态，在表示性质时则不可用被动语态。如：

This book sells well. 这本书畅销。

This car drives easily. 这车容易驾驶。

These clothes wash easily. 这些衣服好洗。

在作上述表达时，不要用被动语态。而要讲：

This kind of book was sold out. (这种书卖完了)

These clothes were washed by the washing machine. 这时要用被动语态，因为它描述的是具体动作。

［误］ Must I do it now?

No. you mustn't.

［正］ Must I do it now?No, you needn't.

［析］ need用在疑问句和否定句中常用作情态动词，其后接不带to的不定式。由must提问的问句作答语时，如是肯定的要用must,否定的要用needn't，即为没有必要。在肯定句中常用作实意动词，如：I need to wait for my boy.

［误］ Is this book yours?

Yes, It's.

［正］ Is this book yours?

Yes, It is.

［析］在肯定的回答中不要用缩写形式，而在否定的回答中可以用缩写形式，如：No. It isn't.

［误］ I'll have my bike repair tomorrow.

［正］ I'll have my bike repaired tomorrow.

［析］ have+人+动词原形或现在分词意为：让某人作某事，如：My father had me to learn how to drive，或My father had me doing my homework from morning till might?　 have+物+动词的过去分词为某件事被别人完成。如：I have my hair cut.我去理发。而不是自己理发。如果讲我想自己作某事，则用I want to repair my bike myself.

［误］ I'll get my brother repair the bike for you.

［正］ I'll get my brother to repair the bike for you.

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