2019解放军文职招聘考试教育学英语知识点40

来源： 2019-04-28 08:11中

［析］许多形容词后加不定式，这样用时形容词多是用来描述人物的感情、态度，如：glad, happy, pleased, lucky, sorry, sad, upset, ready, careful, surprised。

［误］ I'm too glad for seeing you.

［正］ I'm too glad to see you.

［析］这句话不能按照too…to的句型翻译为：我太高兴了以至于不想见你。而应译为：见到你太高兴了。又如：She is too honest to tell the truth? 应译为：她很诚实，不会不讲实话。

［误］ Tom is too young not to join the army.

［正］ Tom is too young to join the army.

［析］这是too…to的正常用法，太如何如何以至于不能如何。

［误］ I went to the hospital for seeing my old friend. He was ill in hospital.

［正］ I went to the hospital to see my old friend. He was ill in hospital.

［析］在句中表示某动作的目的时，要用不定式而不能用for加动名词。

［误］ Could you help me to find a chair to sit.

［正］ Could you help me to find a chair to sit on.

［析］当不定式作后置定语时，将不定式放于名词之后。如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则其后面的介词不要省略。如：I sat on the chair. 这样的用法还有：I want to find a room to live in. I want to find a pen to write with.

［误］ When mother was about leaving the baby cried suddenly.

［正］ When mother was about to leave the baby cried suddenly.

［析］ be about to 是表达较近的即将发生的动作，可用来表示将来时，或按计划、安排的事。

［误］ This work is difficult to be done.

［正］ This work is difficult to do.

［析］在不定式作宾语时，下列情况常用主动语态表示被动。① 句子的主语即是不定式动作的执行者，如：I have a lot of letters to write. ② 句中的宾语是不定式中动作的执行者，如：Could you find me a job to do? ③ 在形容词之后的不定式，如：English is difficult to learn.

［误］ Would you like to see a film with us? Yes, I'd love.

［正］ Would you like to see a film with us?Yes, I'd love to.

［析］在口语简答语中要将不定式符号保留，如：　 I had to (不得不作) I'm going to (打算作) I used to (过去习惯作)　 I'd love to (喜欢作) I hope to (希望作某事) I'll be glad to (高兴作)

［误］ Did you see someone to do this work for me?

［正］ Did you see someone do this work for me?

［析］在感观动词之后常接不带to的不定式。这些词是see, look at, watch, hear, listen to, feel, notice。

［误］ He was seen prepare this car.

［正］ He was seen to prepare this car.

［析］在被动语态中要将主动语态句中省去的不定式还原回来。

［误］ Please? Let my child to try it again.

［正］ Please? Let my child try it again.

［析］在make, have, let后加不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。

［误］ Why not to do it again?

［正］ Why not do it again?

［析］ Why not, you'd better 后接不带to的不定式，如：You'd better go.但要注意的是它的否定式是You'd better not go.

［误］ When he heard the news he couldn't help to cry.

［正］ When he heard the news he couldn't help crying.

［析］ can't help+现在分词表示情不自禁作某事。

［误］ In autumn, the street is always covered with falling leaves.

［正］ In autumn, the street is always covered with fallen leaves.

［析］现在分词作定语有正在的含义，如：falling leave 正下落的叶子。而过去分词作定语fallen leaves是落地的叶子。过去分词含有已经完成的意思。

［误］ Do you hear someone sing in the office?

［正］ Do you hear someone singing in the office?

［析］感观动词可用不带to的不定式来作宾语补足语，表达一个动作的全过程或已结束的动作，而用现在分词表示一个正在进行中的动作。

［误］ I want to shop some food for supper.

［正］ I want to buy some food for supper.

［正］ I want to go shopping.

［析］ shop作买东西讲时，要用go shopping,其后不要加所购买的东西。这样的用法还有：　 go boating 划船 go sailing 航海 go skating 滑冰　go shooting 射击 go dancing 去跳舞 go fishing 钓鱼　go swimming 去游泳…… 不要用错，也不要改为其他式，因为这是习惯用法。

［误］ When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped to talk.

［正］ When the teacher came into the classroom. the students stopped talking.

［析］ stop to do something 是停下来去做某事，而stop doing something 则是停止做某事。

［误］ I didn't remember closing the door, so the thief came into the room directly.

［正］ I didn't remember to close the door, so the thief came into the room directly.

［析］ remember后接不定式是记着去做某事，即该动作并没有完成。而remember 后接动名词则表明该动作已经作完了。如： Do remember to turn off the light, before you leave. 即在你离开前记着去关灯。而关灯的动作并没有做。I remember meeting you somewhere. 我记得在某处见过你。而相见一事已经作完了。相同用法还有forget。

［误］ When I finished to do this work I would go to play football.

［正］ When I finished doing this work I would go to play football.

［析］在英语中有些动词后要接动名词作宾语。在初中范围主要有两个动词finish和enjoy, 千万不要与like相比。因为like作动词"喜欢"用时，其后接动名词表示习惯性动作，接不定式表示一次性特殊的动作，而would you like后面则一定要用不定式。

［误］ When he finished his homework, he went on playing the football.

［正］ When he finished his homework, he went on to play football.

［析］ go on to do something 是做完一件事紧跟着做另一件事。而go on doing something 是在做一件事的过程中被打断后接着再继续做这件事。

［误］ He's busy to prepare his lessons.

［正］ He's busy preparing his lessons.

［析］ be busy 后加doing 而不能接不定式。

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