2019解放军文职招聘考试教育学英语知识点66
要注意的是许多形容词同时又是副词,如:back, all, alone, either, far, high, slow等。而有些形容词则要经过一定变化才能转为副词,其规律如下:
构词法 形容词 副 词
一般加ly Careful
kind
carefully
kindly
尾是y时将y变成i加ly Happy
busy
easy
Happily
busily
easily
其 他 true
terrible
full
possible
shy
whole
truly
terribly
fully
possibly
shyly
wholly
在学习过程中要注意其变化。
此外并不是所有副词都可以修饰比较级和最高级形容词。能修饰比较级的有:much, yet, far, still, a great deal, even 和a little. 能修饰最高级的有:the very, much the, far等。
(二) 正误辨析
[误] The young likes playing football very much.
[正] The young like playing football very much.
[析] 定冠词加形容词表示一类人,应作复数看待。而定冠词加形容词表示抽象事物时则要看作单数,如:The beautiful is not always kindness.美丽并不总代表善良。
[误] The danger has gone, so the worst are over.
[正] The danger has gone, so the worst is over.
[析] 意为:"危险已经过去,最困难的状况已结束。"用定冠词加最高级形容词作主语时应看作单数形式。
[误] It is the gold age of the young.
[正] It is the golden age of the young.
[析] golden在英语中多用于比喻,如:golden hair金发,gulden voice金嗓子。而gold多用于表达金质的,如:a gold bar金条,a gold coin金币,但gold fish 金鱼例外。
[误] She is a warm heart woman.
[正] She is a warm?hearted woman.
[析] 英语形容词的构词法很多,其中之一是由形容词,或数词,加名词加ed构成,如: warm?hoarted 热心肠的,white?haired 白毛的
[误] There is an alive fish in the pool.
[正] There is a living fish in the pool.
[析] 在初中范围内所学到的以a字母开头的形容词一般不能作定语,只能作表语。如:The fish is alive.(鱼还活着)这样的形容词有:alive, alike, alone, asleep, afraid, awake等。
[误] The ill man nearly died.
[正] The sick man nearly died.
[析] ill一般不作定语来形容某人有病,而要用sick,但作表语时则都可以。如:He is ill sick, ill作定语时则另有他意,如:ill luck (厄运),ill nature(天性恶劣),ill temper(心绪不好)
[误] I have important something to tell you.
[正] I have something important to tell you.
[析] 不定代词something, anyone, somebody…在用形容词修饰时,形容词应放其后。但要注意thing则不是不定代词,不符合上述规律。如:I have an important thing to tell you.
[误] I'll be free on next Sunday.
[正] I'll be free next Sunday.
[析] 在表达将来时的时候:next Sunday, next week, next year或last Sunday last week, last year前都不加介词。
[误] The girl is two?year old.
[正] The girl is two years old.
[正] She is a two?year?old girl?
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