2019解放军文职招聘考试教育学英语知识点89

来源： 2019-04-28 08:21中

［析］名词除了在句中作主语、宾语、表语外，还可以用来修饰另一个名词，这时作修饰词的名词一般要用单数形式，如：shoe factory (鞋厂),post office(邮局),evening paper (晚报),night school (夜校),head master (校长),a law school (法律学院)。但也有例外，如:a goods train(货车),sports meeting (运动会)。

［误］My mother bought two fishes for supper this morning.

［正］My mother bought two fish for supper this morning.

［析］英语中有些名词单复同形，如：fish, deer, sheep, Chinese (中国人), means (方法)。所以应讲one fish, two fish, one Chinese, two Chinese. 如果讲There are five fishes in the pool.应译为池中有五种鱼而不是五条鱼。

［误］Mary expressed her thank to her boy friend.

［正］Mary expressed her thanks to her boy friend.

［析］英语中有些名词只有复数形式，如： thanks, greens，而有些词单数形式与复数形式有不同的词意。如:clothes 为衣服，而cloth则是布， sand沙子，而sands是沙滩。

［误］I offered my son my congratulation on his success.

［正］I offered my son my congratulations on his success.

［析］英语中表示祝贺的词虽有单数形式，但一般要用其复数形式。如握手为shake hands.

［误］We have five German in this meeting.

［正］We have five Germans in this meeting.

［析］英国人Englishman的复数形式为Englishmen，而German 则要加s，因为它不是由国名与man的组合词。

［误］There are two As in this word.

［正］There are two A's in this word.

［析］在大写字母缩写形式的复数表达法中应加s，但如字母是A、I时，为了防止与As和Is相混，则要用's即A's，I's

［误］There are three 6s and two 3s in my telephone number.

［正］There are three 6's and two 3's in my telephone number.

［析］在小写字母与数字的复数形式表达法中要用's

［误］We have many woman teachers in our school.

［正］We have many women teachers in our school.

［析］一般组合名词变为复数形式时只将词中心词变为复数如：

half brother—half brothers(同父异母或同母异父的兄弟)daughter in law—daughtersin law,(儿媳)但要注意的是：man driver—men drivers(男司机) woman doctor—women doctors(女大夫)grown up—grown ups(成年人) 但是boy student—则变为boy students

［误］Physics are very difficult to learn.

［正］Physics is very difficult to learn.

［析］虽以s结尾但只能用作单数名词有：科学，学科名字：Physics. Mathematics politics游戏名称：bowls 专有名称：Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布) 其他名词：news(消息，新闻)

［误］There is a people in the room.

［正］There is a person in the room.

［正］There is a man in the room.

［析］people是复数名词，不可用作单数，如要用来讲一个人时应用a person, a man, a woman。同样的词有police.要讲一个警察时则要用a policeman, a policewoman。

［误］Where is my shoe?

［正］Where are my shoes?

［析］常常只用作复数形式的词有trousers, pants, shorts(短裤)，socks(袜子),shoes, gloves(手套)。但如果只找其中的一个则要指明，这时还是应用单数形式。如：Where's my left glove?(我左手的手套在哪?)

［误］I paid five pennies for the sweet.

［正］I paid five pence for the sweet.

［析］英语中便士有两个复数形式pence用来表达一定数量的钱。而pennies是指一个个的硬币，如：I want to change this note for pennies.我想把这纸币换成硬币。(即一便士一个的硬币)。

［误］There are many fruit in the shop.

［正］There are many fruits in the shop.

［析］物质名词为不可数名词，但是用来表示种类时则可以用作可数名词，这里应译为各种各样的水果。

［误］There is a new car. It is Jone's and Mary's.

［正］There is a new car. It is Jone and Mary's.

［析］有生命名词的所有格，如果是单数名词则加's如：Mary's car.如果是以s结尾的复数名词则只在s后面加’如：teachers' offices.如果是复数名词但不是以s结尾，则只加’s，如：children's palace 组合名词的所有格是在最后一个词尾加's如：girl friend —girl friend's someone else—someone else's a week or three—a week or three's如名词后有同位语时，则应加在同位语的词尾上，如：It is my girl friend, Mary's car.要注意的是当两个名词并列时，如表示归两人共同所有，则在最后一个名词后面加's，如果表示分别所有则在两个名词后分别加's，如：This is Mary and Jone's home.即Mary与Jone是一家人。这是他们共同的家。而These are Mary's and Jone's homes.则应译为这里是Mary的家与Jone 的家。

［误］It is really beautiful. It is a work of nature.

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