用来表达从过去某时间点上看将要发生的动作,如: He told me he would come to my party?
(6)现在完成时与过去完成时
现在完成时的两个用处是:①用来表达在过去开始的动作持续到现在,如:I’ve studied English for two years?②用来表达过去发生的事但它影响到现在,如:I haven’t had my breakfast, so I’m hungry now?
现在完成时与过去完成时的区别在于动作的截止时间,现在完成时所表达的动作截止于现在,而过去完成时所表达的动作截止于过去。如:I haven’t seen my old teacher for a long time? 我好久未见到我过去的老师了。是指到目前截止。如果加上一句话,则将变为过去完成时,如:Yesterday I saw my old teacher. I hadn’t seen him for a long time. 因为我好久未见他这一情况截止于昨天。还要注意的一个问题是截止性动词可以有完成时,但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:When I got to school, the class had begun? 如果一定要讲开始几分钟了则要换用表示状态,或延续性动词,如:When I got to school, the class had been on for five minutes?
2.语态
英语中只有主动语态与被动语态之分。主动语态,句子中的主语是动作的执行者,如:I broke the window?而被动语态句子中的主语是主动语态句子中的宾语,如:The window was broken by me?被动语态主要用于动作的执行者不明确,或没有必要说出来,如:The New building was built last week? 关键要注意的是在主动语态中有省略不定式符号to的动词,在被动语态要还原,如:主动语态 I saw him come in.被动语态 He was seen to come in.
3.助动词和情态动词
助动词本身没有词义,它只不过与实义动词一起构成谓语动词,形成了时态、语态、构成了疑问句,否定句,以及用来加强语气。而情态动词则表达一种可能、必要、允许、愿望、猜测……的意图、倾向。也用来表示语气的委婉和祝愿。初中阶段主要有:can, could, may, might, will, would, must (have to), shall, should。
4.非谓语动词
非谓语动词分为不定式和动词的ing形式(即现在分词和动名词)。虽然在初中范围,这一项不是语法重点,但还是要花一定时间去学习,为的是打下良好的基础,为进一步学习提供良好的条件。不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。如:To see is to believe.He want to see a film? 还可以作补足语,如:He wants me to leave.也可以作状语,如:I come here to learn English.
动名词也可以起到上述作用,如:Seeing is believing. I like swimming very much. 而现在分词多用于作定语、补足语、状语,如: The girl driving a car is her sister.(定语) Did you notice his hand shaking?(宾语补足语)
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