医药学论文:肾筋膜间平面在急性胰腺炎中的CT表现
[关键词] 胰腺炎;腹膜后间隙;解剖;体层摄影术;X线计算机
Renal Interfascial Plane:Its CT Features in Acute Pancreatitis
Abstract:Objective To recognize the anatomy of renal interfascial plane through observation of the CT features in acute pancreatitis(AP) with involvement of the retroperitoneal space.Methods CT images of 41 cases with AP were studied,with focus on CT features of renal interfascial plane and the correlative space and their internal contact. Results Of the total 41 AP cases, the whole pancreas(21 cases),the head of pancreas(5 cases),the body and tail of pancreas(15 cases) were involved. Of the retroperitoneal space involvement, left anterior pararenal space(41 cases) ,right anterior pararenal space(35 cases),both sides(32 cases);right anterior renal interfascial plane(32 cases), right lateroconal interfascial plane(16 cases),right posterior renal interfascial plane(7 cases), right perirenal space(23 cases),right posterior pararenal space(2 cases);left anterior renal interfascial plane(41 cases), left lateroconal interfascial plane(26 cases),left posterior renal interfascial plane(12 cases), left perirenal space(33 cases), left posterior pararenal space(7 cases) were involved.Conclusion The delamination theory of renal fascia was sustained by the involvement of the renal interfascial plane in AP.Fluid within renal interfascial plane in AP follows into the correlative space by two routes.
Key words: Pancreatitis;Retroperitoneal space;Anatomy;Tomography; X-ray computed
胰腺是腹膜后器官,居于腹膜后间隙的肾旁前间隙内。急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)是常见的急腹症,AP胰液渗漏到胰腺间质内,这些含有激活蛋白水解酶的液体进而漏到胰腺周围的组织间隙内,重症AP早期往往在胰腺周围形成急性积液,并且向胰外远处区域扩散,病变在肾旁前间隙内向上、下及双侧扩散,使肾前筋膜受累并进而累及肾后筋膜及锥侧筋膜,病变并可扩散至肾周间隙或(和)肾旁后间隙内。本文试图通过观察AP在腹膜后扩散途径的CT表现来认识肾筋膜间平面的解剖形态。
1 资料与方法
1.1 研究对象 收集2003年1月至2006年6月有完整临床资料的AP病例,同时符合下列标准作为分析对象。纳入标准:经临床、实验室检查或手术病理诊断为AP;初次发病后3 d内行CT增强检查并且AP累及肾筋膜、出现积液;未经内科或外科手术治疗者;不合并腹腔、腹腔后间隙内其他感染性、肿瘤性或出血性疾病。符合上述标准者共41例,男22例,女19例,年龄22岁~73岁,平均年龄43岁。参照Balthazar[1]的标准,即根据胰腺实质的坏死程度和胰周侵犯的CT征象进行分类诊断,提出CTSI(CT严重指数)五级分类法。将本组41例AP的CT表现分级,D级14例,E级27例。参照1992年亚特兰大临床分类标准[2],本组病例均属于重症AP。Molmenti(1996年)[3]提出了筋膜间平面或筋膜间间隙的概念,将肾筋膜间平面分为三个,即肾前筋膜间的系膜后平面,肾后筋膜间的肾后平面和锥侧筋膜间的锥侧筋膜平面。为了表达准确明了,笔者将以上三个平面分别称为肾前筋膜间平面、肾后筋膜间平面和锥侧筋膜间平面。本组研究重点观察肾筋膜间平面及其毗邻间隙受累情况。
1.2 CT扫描技术 CT扫描机使用美国GE公司的High Speed Qx/I单排螺旋CT机,因病情禁止饮水,检查前均未予口服造影剂和水。全部病例均先行常规腹部CT扫描,范围自膈顶至髂嵴水平,所有病例均延时60 s行门静脉期增强扫描,层厚3.75 mm~5 mm。造影剂采用非离子型造影剂碘海醇(Iohexol)100 ml,流速3 ml/s,采用高压注射器经前臂静脉注入。照像窗宽350 Hu~450 Hu,窗位30 Hu~60 Hu。
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