医药学论文:无损光学法测量胃壁组织对KTPNdYAG激光的光学特性的差异
【关键词】 人胃黏膜/黏膜下层组织;光学特性差异;激光;CCD探测器;空间分辨漫反射光
Noninvasive measurements for differences in optical properties of stomach tissues at KTP/Nd:YAG laser using optical methods
【Abstract】 Objective The study is to determine the optical properties and their differences for normal human stomach mucosa/submucosa tissues in vitro at 532 and 1064nm KTP/Nd:YAG laser.Methods The measurements were performed using a CCD detector,and the optical properties were assessed from the measurements using an obliquely incident laser beam,and spatially resolved reflectance,and nonlinear fitting of diffusion equation.Results The absorption coefficient,(0.145±0.004)mm-1 of normal human stomach mucosa/submucosa tissues at 1064 nm is obviously smaller than that (0.314±0.008) mm-1 of the tissue samples at 532 nm (P<0.05),and the reduced scattering coefficient (0.713±0.019) mm-1 of the tissue samples at 1064 nm is obviously smaller than that (1.49±0.04) mm-1 of the tissue samples at 532 nm (P<0.05),and the optical penetration depth (1.73±0.05) mm of the tissue samples at 1064 nm is obviously bigger than that (0.814±0.021) mm of the tissue samples at 532 nm (P<0.05),and the diffusion constant (0.436±0.011) mm of the tissue samples at 1064 nm is obviously bigger than that (0.208±0.006) mm of the tissue samples at 532 nm (P<0.05).Conclusion The difference in the absorption coefficient for normal human stomach mucosa/submucosa tissues between 1064 and 532 nm is 53.8%,and the difference in the reduced scattering coefficient for tissue samples between 1064 and 532 nm is 52.2%,and the difference in the optical penetration depth for tissue samples between 1064 and 532 nm is 113%,and the difference in the diffusion constant for tissue samples between 1064 and 532 nm is 110%.
【Key words】 human stomach mucosa/submucosa tissue; difference in the optical properties; laser; CCD detector; spatially resolved diffusive reflective light
癌症的85%以上都起源于人体的内表面的上皮内层组织,大多数这些上皮内层组织的损伤如果能在早期得以确诊是容易治疗的[1]。胃癌是常见的消化道肿瘤,早期病变多发生在黏膜层,然后逐渐向黏膜下层及更深层组织侵犯[2]。研究表明,人胃上皮内层、黏膜及黏膜下层组织的损伤常常是导致胃部病变的原因,如,慢性萎缩性胃炎(Chronic atrophic gastritis,CAG)、应激性胃黏膜病变以及胃癌等。随着激光技术和内镜技术的不断发展,利用激光技术和内镜技术进行消化系统的临床诊断和治疗已逐渐成为消化系统疾病诊断和治疗的重要手段。例如,Nd:YAG激光在内窥镜下照射胃壁周围浅露血管和溃烂胃黏膜治疗胃溃疡[3],Nd:YAG激光经胃镜治疗胃息肉等有较好的疗效[4]。可见,人胃黏膜/黏膜下层组织对Nd:YAG激光的光学特性对于激光应用于胃肠道的医学诊断和临床治疗是非常重要的,因为光在生物组织中传输与生物组织的光学特性密切相关,在生物组织中由光辐射所产生的空间分辨漫反射和透射特性含有组织的组份和结构等信息。在生物医学光子学的研究及其应用中,测量组织表面的漫反射率和透射率是组织光学特性非入侵法测量的一个非常关键的问题[5~9]。目前,测量由于光辐射在生物组织表面反射率或透射率的方法很多,最为常见的是采用稳态光的空间分辨技术联合光纤技术探测组织表面的漫反射光[10,11],但由于光纤探测器与组织接触所产生的压力导致获取的组织光学特性参数的误差,以及难以准确测量入射光斑中心及其周边微区的漫反射光等的限制,而Wang等[12]和Zijp等[13]以及Fabbri等[14]采用激光斜入射式稳态光的空间分辨技术联合CCD(Charge Coupled Device)数字视频照相技术测量生物组织表面的漫反射光来获取组织光学特性参数的方法是非入侵测定生物组织光学特性参数的新技术,其具有无接触、非入侵、在体、原位、可视化和实时探测等优点,若联合内镜技术和激光技术可作体内局部组织光学特性的探测、临床诊断和治疗等。本文采用斜入射的稳态光的空间分辨漫反射率技术以及非线性最小二乘法获取人胃黏膜/黏膜下层组织对1064nm的Nd:YAG激光的光学特性参数,并与其倍频激光532nm的KTP激光的光学特性参数进行分析和比较,为激光应用于胃肠道黏膜/黏膜下层组织的诊断和治疗提供一点有益的参考数据。
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