医药学论文：农村试点卫生村室内外环境中空气离子状况的研究

【摘要】 目的 了解安徽省农村已建成的试点卫生村居室内外环境空气中空气离子状况，为研制《卫生村建设与验收技术规范》提供依据。 方法 采用仪器法现场测定正、负离子浓度，并用单极系数和"安培"空气质量评价指数进行卫生学评价。 结果 合肥和阜阳两地室外空气中空气负离子浓度均值分别为316个/cm3、321个/cm3，两地室内空气中空气负离子浓度均值分别为145个/cm3、270个/cm3。不同室内空气离子比较，卧室高于厨房。空气离子卫生学评价结果，两地室外环境空气质量评价指数达到D级在允许值范围内，两地室内环境空气质量评价指数达到E级在临界值以下，空气质量欠佳。 结论 两地室内外环境空气中空气负离子含量偏低，需减少污染物排放，增加绿化面积,提高负离子浓度。

 

【关键词】 空气离子； 单极系数； 评价指数

 

The investigation and analysis of air ions status in the experimental hygienic village

 

XU Ye-lin，XU Zheng-hou,ZHANG Min-yan.Anhui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei 230061，China

 

【Abstract】 Objective The aim of the investigation is to understand the indoor and outdoor environmental air ions status in the experimental hygienic village and to provide the basis of developing "Hygienic Village Construction and Approval Technology Standard".Methods To measure the content of anode, negative ions in the environmental air by special instruments. We also assess it by single grade coefficient and "ampere" air quality evaluation index. Results The content of negative ions of outdoor environmental air in two places are 316/cm3, 321/cm3, respectively. The content of negative ions of environment air inside the village housing room of two places are 145/cm3, 270/cm3, respectively. The results also showed that the content value of negative ions in the bedroom is higher than that in the kitchen. The evaluated results based on air ions hygienic evaluation suggest that outdoor air qualities of two places have reached the D-level (the allowed value) and the indoor air qualities reluctantly reach the E-level, suggesting the poor air quality. Conclusion The content of environmental air negative ions is relatively low in two places. In order to increase the content of negative ions, we should increase the area of green plants and decrease the pollution to the air.

 

【Key words】 air ions；single grade coefficient； evaluation index

 

为了解安徽省农村已建成的试点卫生村居室内外环境空气中空气离子状况，以便进行卫生学评价，并为制定《卫生村建设与验收技术规范》提供依据。笔者在淮北和江淮之间随机各选择一个已建成卫生村进行现场调研，合肥市选择近郊瑶海区大兴镇钟油坊宁小郢自然村，阜阳市选择颖卅区王店镇宁小庄村，两地各随机选择30户，分别于2005年10月与12月进行现场卫生学调查研究，现将调查结果报告如下。

 

1 内容与方法

 

1.1 调查点的设置 合肥与阜阳两个调查村各随机选择30户。两地均在每户主卧室、堂屋和厨房设点，室外3～5户设对照点一个。两地各调查2天。

 

1.2 空气离子状况的测定 空气离子采用SD-8003B型大气离子浓度测量仪（上海申发检测仪器厂生产），测定各室室中央距地面150cm高处的空气离子（负离子、正离子数），室外对照点距堂屋正前方3m处同步进行。测量时按照仪器使用说明书规定的操作步骤进行，反复测试3次，取均值代表测时的浓度值，测定前仪器均经过校准。

 

1.3 评价方法 采用单极系数和"安培"评价指数进行评价。